Reproductive investment in moa: a K-selected life-history strategy?
Reproductive investment in moa: a K-selected life-history strategy?
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对恐鸟的生殖投资：K选择的生活史策略？
DOI：
10.1007/s10682-011-9552-0
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Griebeler E.M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Werner J;Griebeler E.M.
夸张的K选择生活史策略被认为是导致MOA迅速灭绝的重要因素。传统上，这种策略的特点是后代少、后代多、受精率低。假设窝中有一个或两个来自化石记录的蛋，我们测试了MOA的蛋是否比类似大小的鸟的平均大小，并估计了它们未知的年度繁殖频率。因此，我们建立了体质量和不同生殖性状(即卵质量、窝质量和年窝重)之间的异速生长关系。这些公式是针对r-选择(r-模型)和K-选择(K-模型)鸟类而得出的。与我们最初的预期一致，MOA的蛋与体质量的关系在“普通”现存的K-精选鸟类中可以看到。虽然K-模型指出卵子大小为一到两个蛋，以证实化石数据和K-选择的生活史，但r-模型预测的卵子大小是前者的两到三倍。与其他类似大小的不会飞的海岛鸟(如白头海燕、海燕)所观察到的那样，在一到两个卵的产卵大小和一年的产卵质量下，每年的产卵质量异速测量法建议MOA每年产一到三个产卵。即使假设每年不到一窝(K型模型预测每年0.5只离合器)，每年的离合器质量仍然与K型模型一致。还需要进一步研究，以澄清不会飞的岛鸟和/或作为K模型基础的鸟类的繁殖策略是否更适合MOA策略。本文提出的方法表明，结合生物学和古生物学数据可以帮助重建物种特征，这些特征在化石中没有得到充分或没有保存，但对于理解特征的进化是必要的。
The exaggerated K-selected life-history strategy of moa has been suggested as an important factor causing their rapid extinction. Classically, this strategy is characterized by few, large offspring and low fecundity rates. Assuming clutches with one or two eggs as derived from the fossil record, we tested if eggs of moa were larger than the average of similar-sized birds, and estimated their unknown annual breeding frequencies. Therefore, we established allometries on body mass and different reproductive traits (i.e. egg mass, clutch mass and annual clutch mass). These were derived for r-selected (r-model) and for K-selected (K-model) bird species. In agreement with our initial expectations, moa had egg to body mass relations seen in “average” extant K-selected birds. While the K-model pointed to a clutch size of one or two eggs for moa corroborating fossil data and a K-selected life-history, the r-model predicted two to three times larger sizes. Under clutch sizes between one and two eggs and an annual clutch mass as observed in other similar-sized flightless island birds (e.g. rails, ratites), the annual clutch mass allometry suggested one to three clutches per year for moa. Even when assuming less than one brood per year (K-model predicts 0.5 clutches per year); annual clutch masses were still consistent with the K-model. Further studies are needed to clarify whether or not the reproductive strategy of flightless island birds and/or of the birds underlying the K-model fits better to the moa strategy. The approach presented herein, illustrates that combining biological and paleontological data can assist in the reconstruction of species traits, which are insufficiently or not preserved in fossils, but are necessary to understand the evolution of traits.
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