Catalytic antimicrobial robots for biofilm eradication
Catalytic antimicrobial robots for biofilm eradication
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DOI：
10.1126/scirobotics.aaw2388
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发表时间：
2019-04-24
期刊：
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Koo, Hyun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hwang, Geelsu;Paula, Amauri J.;Koo, Hyun
磁驱动机器人可以在生物环境中执行复杂的功能，而破坏性最小。然而，设计用于破坏有害生物结构的机器人也可能是有用的。生物膜是与耐药感染和表面破坏相关的难处理的、牢固附着的结构。我们设计了催化抗菌机器人（汽车），可以精确，高效，可控地杀死，降解和去除生物膜。利用具有双重催化-磁性功能的氧化铁纳米颗粒（NP）的汽车（i）产生杀菌自由基，（ii）分解生物膜胞外多糖（EPS）基质，以及（iii）通过磁场驱动的机器人组件去除碎片化的生物膜碎片。我们开发了两个不同的CAR平台。生物杂交CAR平台由NP和生物膜降解产物形成。在催化细菌杀灭和EPS破坏后，磁场梯度将NP和生物降解产物组装成犁状超结构。当用外部磁场驱动时，生物混合CAR以受控的方式完全去除生物质，防止生物膜再生长。生物混合汽车可以在广阔的表面上扫过，或者在明确的路径上移动，以实现微尺度精确的局部去除。3D模塑CAR平台是一种聚合物软机器人，具有嵌入式催化磁性NP，在定制的3D打印模具中形成，以在封闭的领域中执行特定任务。叶片形汽车从圆柱形管的弯曲壁去除生物膜，螺旋形汽车钻穿生物膜堵塞物，同时杀死细菌。我们展示了汽车在人类牙齿内部高度受限的解剖表面上的应用。这些“生物降解和去除”汽车系统可以对抗持续的生物膜感染，并减轻医疗设备和各种表面的生物污染。
Magnetically driven robots can perform complex functions in biological settings with minimal destruction. However, robots designed to damage deleterious biostructures may also be useful. Biofilms are intractable, firmly attached structures associated with drug-resistant infections and surface destruction. We designed catalytic antimicrobial robots (CARs) that precisely, efficiently, and controllably killed, degraded, and removed biofilms. CARs exploiting iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with dual catalytic-magnetic functionality (i) generated bactericidal free radicals, (ii) broke down the biofilm exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix, and (iii) removed the fragmented biofilm debris via magnetic field-driven robotic assemblies. We developed two distinct CAR platforms. The biohybrid CAR platform was formed from NPs and biofilm degradation products. After catalytic bacterial killing and EPS disruption, magnetic field gradients assembled NPs and the biodegraded products into a plow-like superstructure. When driven with an external magnetic field, the biohybrid CAR completely removed biomass in a controlled manner, preventing biofilm regrowth. Biohybrid CARs could be swept over broad swathes of surface or moved over well-defined paths for localized removal with microscale precision. The 3D molded CAR platform is a polymeric soft robot with embedded catalytic-magnetic NPs, formed in a customized 3D-printed mold to perform specific tasks in enclosed domains. Vane-shaped CARs remove biofilms from curved walls of cylindrical tubes, and helicoid-shaped CARs drill through biofilm clogs while simultaneously killing bacteria. We demonstrate applications of CARs to target highly confined anatomical surfaces in the interior of human teeth. These "kill-degrade-and-remove"CARs systems may fight persistent biofilm infections and mitigate biofouling of medical devices and diverse surfaces.