Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV) among prospective blood donors in a tertiary health care facility in Calabar, Nigeria; an eleven years evaluation
Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV) among prospective blood donors in a tertiary health care facility in Calabar, Nigeria; an eleven years evaluation
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-018-5555-x
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发表时间：
2018-05-22
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Okpokam, Dorathy Chioma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okoroiwu, Henshaw Uchechi;Okafor, Ifeyinwa Maryann;Okpokam, Dorathy Chioma
工作背景：在输血传播感染（TTI）高发的撒哈拉以南非洲地区，提供稳定和安全的血液一直是一项公共卫生挑战。本研究旨在确定尼日利亚卡拉巴尔大学教学医院（UCTH）血库的潜在献血者中HBV、HCV、梅毒和HIV的趋势和血清阳性率。方法：对2005年1月至2016年12月期间的献血者数据进行了回顾性分析，该分析在卡拉巴尔大学教学医院的血库/献血者诊所进行，尼日利亚。使用市售的基于免疫染色的试剂盒筛选血清样品的B型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）1和2以及梅毒螺旋体的抗体。在2005-2016年研究期间筛选的24，979名潜在捐赠者中，HBV、HCV、梅毒和HIV的总感染率分别为4.1%、3.6%、3.1%和4.2%。在研究期间，所有输血传播感染的百分比显著下降，艾滋病毒感染率显著下降。研究表明，男性占主导地位的供体库（98.7%），输血传播感染的患病率（4.2%）高于女性供体（0.0%）。商业献血者占献血者的大多数（62.0%），也是输血传播感染的最高患病率。结论：HBV、HCV、梅毒和HIV感染仍是尼日利亚乃至撒哈拉以南非洲地区安全输血的主要威胁。建议严格遵守供体筛选的选择标准和算法。
Background: Provision of constant and safe blood has been a public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa with high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). This study was aimed at determining the trend and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV across the years within study among prospective blood donors at blood bank in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective analysis of blood donor data from January 2005 to December 2016 was conducted in Blood Bank/Donor Clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Sera samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2 and Treponema pallidum using commercially available immunochromatic based kits.Results: Out of the 24,979 screened prospective donors in the 2005-2016 study period, 3739 (14.96%) were infected with at least one infective agent The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV were 4.1, 3.6, 3.1 and 4.2%, respectively. During the period of study, the percentage of all transfusion-transmissible infections declined significantly with remarkable decline in HIV. The study showed male dominated donor pool (98.7%) with higher prevalence (4.2%) of transfusion-transmissible infections than in female donors (0.0%). Commercial donors constituted majority (62.0%) of the donors and as well had the highest prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections. Majority (62.9%) of the donors were repeat donors.Conclusion: HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV have remained a big threat to safe blood transfusion in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa at large. Strict adherence to selection criteria and algorithm of donor screening are recommended.