Behavioral Immunity and Social Distancing in the Wild: The Same as in Humans?
Behavioral Immunity and Social Distancing in the Wild: The Same as in Humans?
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DOI：
10.1093/biosci/biaa176
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发表时间：
2021-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Behringer, Donald C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butler, Mark J.;Behringer, Donald C.
COVID-19大流行对人际交往施加了新的规范，这也许最好地反映在社交距离的广泛应用上。但社交距离并不是人类的发明，而是在类人猿和龙虾等不同物种中独立进化而来的。流行病在野外很常见，其传播因动物运动和社会性而增强，同时因种群分散、宿主行为和宿主免疫系统而减弱。在本文中，我们将探讨野生动物与人类相比的行为免疫现象及其与自然疾病控制的相关性。我们首先解释社会性的进化利益和风险，看看病原体是如何影响动物进化的，并提供野生动物种群中流行病的例子。然后，我们回顾了野生动物中已知的社会距离事件，用于强制执行它的线索，以及它在控制自然疾病传播方面的功效。
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed new norms on human interactions, perhaps best reflected in the widespread application of social distancing. But social distancing is not a human invention and has evolved independently in species as dissimilar as apes and lobsters. Epidemics are common in the wild, where their spread is enhanced by animal movement and sociality while curtailed by population fragmentation, host behavior, and the immune systems of hosts. In the present article, we explore the phenomenon of behavioral immunity in wild animals as compared with humans and its relevance to the control of disease in nature. We start by explaining the evolutionary benefits and risks of sociality, look at how pathogens have shaped animal evolution, and provide examples of pandemics in wild animal populations. Then we review the known occurrences of social distancing in wild animals, the cues used to enforce it, and its efficacy in controlling the spread of diseases in nature.