The Road: Indian Tribes and Political Liberty
The Road: Indian Tribes and Political Liberty
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道路：印第安部落与政治自由
DOI：
10.2307/1853373
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Henderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Juricek;R. Barsh;J. Henderson
直到世纪晚期，美国一般都把印第安部落当作自治的政治实体。例如，首席大法官马歇尔将这些部落定性为“国内附属民族“;对他来说，这些部落是自治的，但又是附属的，它们保留自治权，同时受到美国的保护。即使在边境的快速向西移使得部落与州的实际分离政策变得不可能之后，联邦政府仍试图通过否认新承认的州对州境内部落的管辖权来保护印第安人的自治权。从19世纪80年代开始，部落、各州和联邦政府之间的政治关系开始发生变化;这是联邦政策在强迫同化印第安人和保护他们的法律的、政治和文化自治权之间多次波动的第一次。1885年，国会确立了联邦和州对印第安人在部落土地上犯下的一些罪行的管辖权，4并于1887年主张联邦政府的管辖权。
Until the late nineteenth century, the United States generally treated Indian tribes as self-governing political entities. Chief Justice Marshall, for example, characterized the tribes as "domestic dependent nations"1 ; to him, they were autonomous, but dependent, states that retained powers of self-government2 while assuming the protection of the United States. Even after the rapid westward movement of the frontier made the policy of physically separating tribes from the states impossible, the federal government sought to protect the Indians' autonomy by denying newly admitted states jurisdiction over the tribes within state boundaries.' Beginning in the 1880s, the political relationship between the tribes, the states, and the federal government began to change; this was the first of many fluctuations of federal policy between the extremes of forced assimilation of Indians and the protection of their legal, political, and cultural autonomy. In 1885, Congress established federal and state jurisdiction over some crimes committed between Indians on tribal lands,4 and in 1887 it asserted fed-