Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic
Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.004
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Stone, Graham N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acs, Zoltan;Challis, Richard J.;Stone, Graham N.
我们研究了与橡树上的木瘿寄主瘿相关的草食性瘿蜂（膜翅目；木瘿科；木瘿蜂）的增殖群内的系统发育关系，这是一个生物多样性的群体，其属水平的形态分类长期以来被认为是稳定的，但其种水平的分类是有问题的。我们纳入了超过70%的已知西部古北物种的数据，包括五个基于形态学的属（Ceroptres, Saphonecrus, Synergus, Synophrus, Ufo），包括两个线粒体位点（coxI, cytb）和一个核位点（28S D2）的序列。特别地，我们评估了两个长期建立的单一性的证据，形态定义的部分在协同属内不同的一系列生物学性状。为了帮助分析橡树栎木群落内的生态相互作用，我们还考虑了细胞色素氧化酶I (coxI) DNA条形码在橡树栎木群落中的应用。在这项评估中，我们没有假设物种是在单个基因序列差异的单一阈值上划分的，而是在每个基因和基因之间的一系列序列差异中检查分子操作分类单位（MOTUs）组成的一致性。我们还评估了采样努力对MOTU稳定性的影响。所有三个基因座的系统发育重建都支持增效属和Synophrus属的单系性，但不支持saphonecus属和增效属内两个部分的单系性。因此，与协同属的两个部分相关的性状套房是同源的。所有三个基因座也拒绝三种协同属植物（S. hayneanus， S. pallipes， S. umbraculus）的单系性。每个基因座的序列确定了健壮的motu，这些motu在一定范围内的截止值范围内在基因座之间基本一致。尽管许多MOTU对应于已知的林奈物种，但形态学和序列数据支持的分组之间存在显著的多基因分歧，无论是将不同形态种分配给同一MOTU还是将相同形态种分配给多个MOTU，无论截断值如何。我们的研究结果表明，虽然DNA条形码在这一群体中具有相当大的效用，但基于形态的鉴定需要在属和种水平上进行重大修改。此外，目前归因于单一形态物种的生活史特征可能混淆了多个谱系的属性。揭示协同菌的特征状态进化模式需要收集新的宿主关联和生活史数据，这些数据与相关标本的DNA条形码数据明确相关。爱思唯尔公司2009年版权所有版权所有。
We examine phylogenetic relationships within the Synergus complex of herbivorous inquiline gallwasps (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae; Synergini) associated with cynipid host galls on oak, a biologically diverse group whose genus-level morphological taxonomy has long been considered stable but whose species level taxonomy is problematic. We incorporate data for over 70% of recognised Western Palaearctic species in five morphology-based genera (Ceroptres, Saphonecrus, Synergus, Synophrus, Ufo), comprising sequence for two mitochondrial loci (coxI, cytb) and one nuclear locus (28S D2). In particular, we assess the evidence for monophyly of two long-established, morphology-defined sections within the genus Synergus that differ in a range of biological traits. To aid analyses of ecological interactions within oak cynipid communities, we also consider the utility of cytochrome oxidase I (coxI) DNA barcodes in the oak inquilines. In this assessment, we do not assume that species are delineated at a single threshold value of sequence divergence for a single gene, but examine concordance in the composition of molecular operational Taxonomic units (MOTUs) across a range of sequence divergences in each gene and across genes. We also assess the impact of sampling effort on MOTU stability.Phylogenetic reconstructions for all three loci support monophyly for Synergus and Synophrus, but reject monophyly for Saphonecrus and for the two sections within Synergus. The suites of traits associated with the two sections of the genus Synergus are thus homoplasious. All three loci also reject monophyly for three Synergus species (S. hayneanus, S. pallipes, S. umbraculus). Sequences for each locus identify robust MOTUs that are largely concordant across loci for a range of cut-off values. Though many MOTU's correspond to recognised Linnean species, there is significant, multigene disagreement between groupings supported by morphology and sequence data, with both allocation of different morphospecies to the same MOTU and allocation of the same morphospecies to multiple MOTUs, regardless of cut-off value. Our results imply that while DNA barcoding has considerable utility within this group, morphology-based identification needs major revision at both genus and species levels. Further, life-history traits currently attributed to single morphospecies probably confound attributes of multiple lineages. Revealing patterns of character state evolution in Synergus requires collection of new host association and life history data explicitly linked to DNA barcode data for the specimens concerned. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.