Mechanisms underlying helminth-induced Th2 polarization: Default, negative or positive pathways?
Mechanisms underlying helminth-induced Th2 polarization: Default, negative or positive pathways?
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DOI：
10.1159/000088881
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sher, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jankovic, Dragana;Steinfelder, Svenja;Sher, Alan
自20世纪80年代首次描述Th 1和Th 2亚群以来，在鉴定响应特定刺激（例如抗原剂量、共受体、细胞因子）调节Th分化的分子事件和转录因子方面取得了巨大进展。尽管TCR交联和共刺激分子的参与对于CD 4+淋巴细胞的活化是必要的，但这两个事件本身并不能解释Th 1/Th 2定型。在病原体中，蠕虫是人类和实验模型中Th 2细胞诱导剂的主要实例。本文综述了曼氏血吸虫对Th 2细胞极化的要求。特别是，我们将解决目前的争议，是否Th 2的发展取决于积极与消极与缺乏信号从抗原呈递细胞。此外，我们将讨论寄生虫和过敏原诱导的Th 2分化所涉及的途径之间的相似性。
Since the initial description of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the 1980s, there has been enormous progress in identifying the molecular events and the transcriptional factors that regulate Th differentiation in response to a specific stimulus (eg antigen dose, co-receptors, cytokines). Although TCR cross-linking and engagement of co-stimulatory molecules are necessary for activation of CD4+ lymphocytes, these two events do not appear in themselves to explain Th1/Th2 commitment. Among pathogens, helminths are the main examples of Th2-cell inducers in both humans and experimental models. This review will focus on our recent findings on the requirements for Th2 polarization by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni. In particular, we will address the ongoing controversy as to whether Th2 development depends on positive vs. negative vs. the absence of signals from antigenpresenting cells. In addition, we will discuss the similarities between the pathways involved in parasite-and allergen-induced Th2 differentiation.