A 128×96 pixel event-driven phase-domain ΔΣ-based fully digital 3D camera in 0.13μm CMOS imaging technology
A 128×96 pixel event-driven phase-domain ΔΣ-based fully digital 3D camera in 0.13μm CMOS imaging technology
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DOI：
10.1109/isscc.2011.5746374
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Walker;J. Richardson;R. Henderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Walker;J. Richardson;R. Henderson
低成本的3D图像捕捉设备在游戏、机器人、汽车和监控行业中实现了新的应用。许多方法正在争夺这些市场的份额。立体相机采用密集的图像处理，从两个独立的图像流的相关性来解释距离[1]，结构光系统分析投影在场景上的图案光的变形，而飞行时间（TOF）相机需要定制的调频图像传感器和光源来测量反射光脉冲的相位或返回时间。随着紧凑、高频近红外led的快速发展，人们正在致力于改进TOF图像传感器的尺寸、灵敏度和分辨率。模拟像素方法提供了紧凑的像素实现，但精度受到噪声源和模拟电子元件的非线性的限制。单光子雪崩二极管（spad）规避了这些问题，并通过直接或间接解调方案实现了精确到毫米级的全数字距离计算。
Low-cost 3D image capture devices are enabling new applications in the gaming, robotics, automotive and surveillance industries. A number of approaches are competing for a share of these markets. Stereoscopic cameras employ intensive image processing to interpret distance from the correlation of two separate image streams [1], structured light systems analyse the deformation of patterned light projected over the scene, while time-of-flight (TOF) cameras require custom frequency-modulated image sensors and optical sources to measure the phase or return time of reflected light pulses. As rapid progress is made on compact, high-frequency NIR LEDs, much research is being devoted to improvements in the size, sensitivity and resolution of TOF image sensors. Analog pixel approaches provide compact pixel implementations but accuracy is limited by noise sources and nonlinearities of the analog electronics [2]. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) circumvent these issues and enable fully digital distance computation down to millimetric accuracy [3] by either direct or indirect demodulation schemes.