Petro-Hegemony and the Carbon Rebellion: Strategies, Narratives, and Tactics on the Frontlines of Climate Justice
Petro-Hegemony and the Carbon Rebellion: Strategies, Narratives, and Tactics on the Frontlines of Climate Justice
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石油霸权与碳叛乱：气候正义前沿的战略、叙述和策略
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
T. Lequesne
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作者：
T. Lequesne
作者：LeQuesne，西奥多|顾问：Lezra，Esther|摘要：本文探讨了化石燃料行业的力量，以及在前线努力将化石燃料留在地下的气候正义活动家正在使用的战略、叙事和战术来挑战这种力量。它询问气候正义运动如何更好地理解化石燃料行业的力量，并通过这种理解制定可以应对它的战略和战术？它部署了葛兰西的理论框架，以评估，探索和批判霸权权力关系中的社会运动和工业干预。它提供了对霸权的重新解读，并认为，与其强调同意关系而排除其他权力关系，学者和活动家可能会将霸权理解为综合和平衡同意，胁迫和服从的关系。反霸权的社会运动战略必须介入这些权力关系中的每一个。这种重新制定的霸权版本在气候正义的背景下发展并应用于社区领导的反对化石燃料工业的斗争中，还有两个概念：石油霸权和碳叛乱。石油霸权综合了石油文化、石油资本主义和石油国家，在同意、服从和胁迫的关系中组织干预，以维护和促进化石燃料工业的利益。碳叛乱是一种反霸权的形式，通过这种形式，气候正义运动可以组织干预每一种霸权关系的战略和战术，以挑战石油霸权。在石油霸权和碳叛乱之间存在着三种斗争，每一种都以不同的权力关系为特征。论文认为，如果气候正义活动家要对抗石油霸权，他们必须挑战化石燃料行业在不同的干预点存在于每一个这些terrain.Paper地方这个理论战略框架与实证实地工作和分析在两个案例研究网站的对话：第一民族领导的对不列颠哥伦比亚省海岸萨利希地区跨山油砂管道的抵抗，以及在与雪佛龙及其计划在加州里士满扩建炼油厂以加工重质原油的对抗之后，基层社区为气候和环境正义而起义。实地工作包括10周的参与者行动研究，27个关键的线人访谈，超过1500篇文章，推文，Facebook帖子，视频和模因的在线档案的策展，以及深入的话语分析。在与实地工作的对话中发展这一理论框架，产生了三个进一步的概念类别，可以推进气候正义的反霸权战略。这些是交叉的民粹主义，战略的频谱，以及规模聚集。本文的结论是，这些概念的进步是至关重要的，以促进碳叛乱的出现和繁荣，作为一个反霸权的形成，能够击败石油霸权。
Author(s): LeQuesne, Theodore | Advisor(s): Lezra, Esther | Abstract: This dissertation explores the power of the fossil fuel industry and the strategies narratives and tactics climate justice activists in frontlines struggles to keep fossil fuels in the ground are using to challenge that power. It asks how might the climate justice movement better understand the power of the fossil fuel industry and through that understanding develop strategies and tactics that can respond to it? It deploys a Gramscian theoretical framework to assess, explore, and critique social movement and industry interventions in hegemonic power relations. It offers a rereading of hegemony and argues that rather than emphasizing relations of consent to the exclusion of other power relations, scholars and activists might understand hegemony as synthesizing and balancing relations of consent, coercion, and compliance. Counter-hegemonic social movement strategy must, therefore, intervene in each one of these power relations.This reformulated version of hegemony is developed in and applied to community led struggles against the fossil fuel industry in the context of climate justice with two more concepts: petro-hegemony and the carbon rebellion. Petro-hegemony synthesizes petro-culture, petro-capitalism, and the petro-state to organize interventions in relations of consent, compliance, and coercion, to maintain and advance the interests of fossil fuel industry. The carbon rebellion is the counter hegemonic formation through which the climate justice movement could organize strategies and tactics that intervene in each of the hegemonic relations of power to challenge petro-hegemony. Between petro-hegemony and the carbon rebellion exist three terrains of struggle, each characterized by a different relation of power. The dissertation argues that if climate justice activists are to counter petro-hegemony they must challenge the fossil fuel industry at different points of intervention existing on each one of these terrains.The dissertation places this theoretical strategic framework in conversation with empirical field work and analysis in two case study sites: the First Nations-led resistance to the Trans Mountain tar sands pipeline in Coast Salish Territory, British Columbia, and a grassroots community uprising for climate and environmental justice in the wake of confrontation with Chevron and its plans to expand its oil refinery to process heavier crude oil in Richmond, California. The fieldwork included 10 weeks of participant action research, 27 key informant interviews, the curation of an online archive of over 1500 articles, Tweets, Facebook posts, videos and memes, and in-depth discourse analysis. Developing this theoretical framework in conversation with fieldwork yields three further conceptual categories that could advance counter hegemonic strategies for climate justice. These are intersectional populism, the spectrum of strategy, and aggregating to scale. This dissertation concludes that each of these conceptual advances are critical to facilitating the emergence and flourishing of carbon rebellion as a counter hegemonic formation capable of defeating petro-hegemony.