The invasion ecology of mammals: a global perspective
The invasion ecology of mammals: a global perspective
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DOI：
10.1071/wr07091
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Russell, James C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clout, Mick N.;Russell, James C.
根据 2006 年 IUCN 红色名录，在现存的陆地哺乳动物中，有 124 种（2.6%）可被列为“成功的入侵者”，而 1038 种（21.6%）则被列为受威胁物种。偶蹄目、食肉目、兔形目和奇蹄目中成功入侵者的比例相对较高。与其他生物相比，哺乳动物在被引入其自然范围之外时似乎相对更有可能定居下来。对入侵成功决定因素的研究表明，释放个体的数量、引入物种自然范围的大小以及新范围内气候的温和程度都可以增加引入哺乳动物定居的可能性。入侵哺乳动物对本地生物多样性的负面影响包括捕食、觅食和竞争等直接影响，但也可能会破坏营养流动和营养级联的模式。现在有可能在越来越大的地区消灭几种入侵哺乳动物。在这种情况下，更好地了解这些哺乳动物之间（以及它们与其他物种之间）的生态相互作用非常重要，以避免在清除特定物种后产生不良后果，例如中捕食者或竞争者的释放。最后，越来越明显的是，需要对分散和入侵个体的行为进行研究，以提高对新哺乳动物入侵或重新入侵的早期发现。
Of the extant species of land mammals, 124 (2.6%) can be classed as 'successful invaders', whereas 1038 (21.6%) are classed as threatened, according to the 2006 IUCN Red List. Relatively high proportions of successful invaders are found among Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Lagomorpha and Perissodactyla. Compared with other organisms, mammals seem relatively likely to become established when introduced outside their natural range. Studies of determinants of invasion success indicate that the number of individuals released, the size of the natural range of the introduced species, and the temperateness of climate in the new range can all increase the probability of establishment of introduced mammals. Negative impacts of invasive mammals on native biodiversity include direct effects such as predation, browsing and competition, but can extend to disruption of patterns of nutrient flow, and trophic cascades. Eradication of several species of invasive mammals from increasingly large areas is now possible. In this context, it is important to better understand ecological interactions between such mammals (and between them and other species) to avoid unwanted consequences such as mesopredator or competitor release, after the removal of particular species. Finally, it is increasingly apparent that research is needed on the behaviour of dispersing and invading individuals, to improve the early detection of new mammal invasions or reinvasions.