Bone Marrow T Cells and the Integrated Functions of Recirculating and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells.
Bone Marrow T Cells and the Integrated Functions of Recirculating and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00051
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Gebhardt T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Rosa F;Gebhardt T
T细胞运输的变化伴随着幼稚T细胞抗原驱动的记忆T细胞分化，这仍然是一个不完全定义的发育步骤。在引发后，每个幼稚T细胞遇到必需信号-即，在次级淋巴器官中，T细胞是抗原、共刺激物和细胞因子;然而，其子效应T细胞和记忆T细胞在通过各种淋巴和非淋巴器官的迁移过程中再循环并接收进一步的信号。这些来自组织微环境的额外信号对免疫应答特征具有影响，包括T细胞效应子功能、扩增和收缩、记忆分化、长期维持以及在抗原再激发后招募到局部和/或全身应答中。T细胞运输在提供有效的T细胞记忆中的关键作用长期以来一直是关注的焦点。现在已经充分认识到，初始和记忆T细胞具有不同的迁移途径，并且记忆T细胞在其运输方面是异质的。我们和其他人已经观察到，在引发后很长一段时间，记忆T细胞优先发现于某些小生境，如骨髓（BM）或病原体进入的皮肤/粘膜部位，即使在没有残留抗原的情况下。目前正在研究由此产生的免疫力的不同潜在机制和特点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了BM和组织驻留记忆（TRM）T细胞的关键发现，并重新审视了记忆T细胞维持在这样的壁龛中的一些问题。此外，我们讨论了BM播种记忆T细胞的迁移模式和保护功能的背景下，无论是再循环或TRM T细胞。
Changes in T cell trafficking accompany the naive to memory T cell antigen-driven differentiation, which remains an incompletely defined developmental step. Upon priming, each naive T cell encounters essential signals – i.e., antigen, co-stimuli and cytokines – in a secondary lymphoid organ; nevertheless, its daughter effector and memory T cells recirculate and receive further signals during their migration through various lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. These additional signals from tissue microenvironments have an impact on immune response features, including T cell effector function, expansion and contraction, memory differentiation, long-term maintenance, and recruitment upon antigenic rechallenge into local and/or systemic responses. The critical role of T cell trafficking in providing efficient T cell memory has long been a focus of interest. It is now well recognized that naive and memory T cells have different migratory pathways, and that memory T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their trafficking. We and others have observed that, long time after priming, memory T cells are preferentially found in certain niches such as the bone marrow (BM) or at the skin/mucosal site of pathogen entry, even in the absence of residual antigen. The different underlying mechanisms and peculiarities of resulting immunity are currently under study. In this review, we summarize key findings on BM and tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells and revisit some issues in memory T cell maintenance within such niches. Moreover, we discuss BM seeding by memory T cells in the context of migration patterns and protective functions of either recirculating or TRM T cells.