DRIVER INFORMATION NEEDS

DRIVER INFORMATION NEEDS
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驾驶员信息需求

DOI：
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发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. J. Alexander
G. J. Alexander
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. M. Allen;H. Lumenfeld;G. J. Alexander

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对驾驶任务进行分析，以确定驾驶员负责的子任务的性质和相互关系，以及安全有效地执行这些子任务所需的信息。数据是使用修改后的信息-决策-行动任务分析方法，适用于几个长距离驾驶行程。任务分析提供了对各种驱动子任务进行分类的基础，确定了与子任务相关的信息需求及其当前的满足方法，并为驱动任务提供了一个结构。驱动子任务按照信息-决策-行动的复杂性进行分类，并沿着连续体排序。发现这些子任务是按照等级划分的。转向和速度控制等车辆控制子任务在最低级别进行排序，并被识别为微性能（控制）。在中级水平上，与道路和交通状况响应相关的子任务被确定为情境性能（指导）。最高级别的子任务，包括行程计划和准备以及路线查找，被确定为宏观性能（导航）。高层次子任务的执行涉及低层次组件的执行。驾驶员在环境中寻找执行各种子任务所需的信息，并通过负荷分担过程将注意力从一个信息源转移到另一个信息源。当由于所遇到的驾驶情况的要求而需要卸载时，注意与驾驶员的主观需要相关的子任务相关的信息，并卸载其他信息源。联系我们
THE DRIVING TASK WAS ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE NATURE AND INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE SUBTASKS THE DRIVER PERFORMS AND THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO PERFORM THEM SAFELY AND EFFICIENTLY. DATA WERE DEVELOPED USING A MODIFIED INFORMATION-DECISION-ACTION TASK ANALYSIS METHOD APPLIED TO SEVERAL LONG DRIVING TRIPS. THE TASK ANALYSIS PROVIDED THE BASIS FOR CATEGORIZING THE VARIOUS COMPONENT DRIVING SUBTASKS, IDENTIFYING INFORMATION NEEDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBTASKS AND THEIR PRESENT METHODS OF SATISFACTION, AND PROVIDING A STRUCTURE TO THE DRIVING TASK. DRIVING SUBTASKS WERE CATEGORIZED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INFORMATION-DECISION- ACTION COMPLEXITY AND ORDERED ALONG A CONTINUUM. THE SUBTASKS WERE FOUND TO FALL ALONG A HIERARCHICAL SCALE. VEHICLE CONTROL SUBTASKS SUCH AS STEERING AND SPEED CONTROL WERE ORDERED AT THE LOWEST LEVEL AND IDENTIFIED AS MICRO-PERFORMANCE (CONTROL). AT AN INTERMEDIATE LEVEL, SUBTASKS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPONSE TO ROAD AND TRAFFIC SITUATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED AS SITUATIONAL PERFORMANCE (GUIDANCE). THE HIGHEST LEVEL SUBTASKS, ENCOMPASSING TRIP PLANNING AND PREPARATION AND ROUTE FINDING, WERE IDENTIFIED AS MACRO-PERFORMANCE (NAVIGATION). PERFORMANCE OF SUBTASKS AT THE HIGH LEVEL OF THE HIERARCHY INVOLVES COMPONENT PERFORMANCE AT A LOWER LEVEL. DRIVERS SEARCH THE ENVIRONMENT FOR INFORMATION NEEDED TO PERFORM THE VARIOUS SUBTASKS AND SHIFT ATTENTION FROM ONE INFORMATION SOURCE TO ANOTHER BY A PROCESS OF LOAD-SHEDDING. WHEN LOAD-SHEDDING IS REQUIRED DUE TO THE DEMANDS OF THE DRIVING SITUATION ENCOUNTERED, INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH SUBTASKS RELATIVE TO THE SUBJECTIVE NEEDS OF THE DRIVER IS ATTENDED TO, AND OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES ARE SHED. /AUTHOR/