Pontine Mechanisms of Respiratory Control
Pontine Mechanisms of Respiratory Control
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c100015
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Dick，Thomas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dutschmann，Mathias;Dick，Thomas E.
脑桥呼吸核提供突触输入到延髓节律回路以形成和适应呼吸模式。对这句话的理解取决于将呼吸视为一种行为，而不是一种刻板的节奏。在这篇综述中，我们集中在脑桥介导的吸气关闭开关（IOS）与吸气后声门收缩。此外，IOS检查的背景下，脑桥调节声门阻力响应多模态的感觉输入和更高的命令，这反过来规则的时间，持续时间和呼吸气流的模式。此外，在脑桥的发育过程中，呼吸控制的网络可塑性出现。需要突触可塑性来动态和有效地调节呼气呼吸模式，以科普从正常呼吸到适应性呼吸的快速变化，这些变化与探索性（觅食和嗅探）和驱逐性（发声，咳嗽，打喷嚏和干呕）行为以及基本情绪的传递有关。行为动物的呼吸模式变化的速度和复杂性意味着“学习呼吸”是必要的，以适应不断变化的内部和外部状态，以维持稳态和生存。
Pontine respiratory nuclei provide synaptic input to medullary rhythmogenic circuits to shape and adapt the breathing pattern. An understanding of this statement depends on appreciating breathing as a behavior, rather than a stereotypic rhythm. In this review, we focus on the pontine-mediated inspiratory off-switch (IOS) associated with postinspiratory glottal constriction. Further, IOS is examined in the context of pontine regulation of glottal resistance in response to multimodal sensory inputs and higher commands, which in turn rules timing, duration, and patterning of respiratory airflow. In addition, network plasticity in respiratory control emerges during the development of the pons. Synaptic plasticity is required for dynamic and efficient modulation of the expiratory breathing pattern to cope with rapid changes from eupneic to adaptive breathing linked to exploratory (foraging and sniffing) and expulsive (vocalizing, coughing, sneezing, and retching) behaviors, as well as conveyance of basic emotions. The speed and complexity of changes in the breathing pattern of behaving animals implies that “learning to breathe” is necessary to adjust to changing internal and external states to maintain homeostasis and survival.