Individual differences in the reaction of beef cattle to situations involving social isolation, close proximity of humans, restraint and novelty
Individual differences in the reaction of beef cattle to situations involving social isolation, close proximity of humans, restraint and novelty
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2005.09.012
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Greenwood, Paul L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kilgour, Robert J.;Melville, Gavin J.;Greenwood, Paul L.
48头阉牛和46头小母牛分别进行了3次11次行为测试，间隔3周和4周。所做的测试是在挤压中克制，飞行时间，对人类的恐惧，飞行距离，易于分类，跟随，侧化，开放领域，新物体，惊吓和克制测试。在第二次和第三次实验中，这些动物还接受了人类接近程度的测试。然后对数据进行主成分分析（PCA），确定了解释总变化的42%的两个成分。这两个组成部分被命名为一般躁动和回避人类。一般搅拌主要受约束试验、露天试验、后续试验和飞行时间的影响。对人类的回避主要受到对人类的恐惧测试和飞行距离等变量的影响。第三个主要成分也被确定，它解释了9%的变异，主要受侧化和挤压试验的影响。人类接近测试中心率的增加与其他11项测试中测量的变量相关性较低。结论是，为了评估肉牛在社会隔离、人类接近、新颖性和约束条件下的个体差异，最好的测试是约束测试、露天测试、以下测试、飞行时间、对人类的恐惧测试和飞行距离。(c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Forty-eight steers and 46 heifers were each subjected to a series of 11 behavioural tests on 3 occasions, separated by intervals of 3 and 4 weeks. The tests performed were restraint in a crush, flight time, fear of humans, flight distance, ease of sorting, following, lateralisation, open field, novel object, startle and restraint test. On the second and third occasions, the animals were also subjected to a test of human proximity. The data were then subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA), which identified two components that explained 42% of the total variation. These two components were named general agitation and avoidance of humans. General agitation was mostly influenced by variables from the restraint test, the open-field test, the following test and flight time. Avoidance of humans was mostly influenced by variables from the fear of humans test and flight distance. A third principal component, which explained 9% of the variation was also identified, and was mostly influenced by the lateralisation and crush tests. Heart rate increases in the human proximity test were lowly correlated with the variables measured in the other 11 tests. The conclusion is that, in order to assess individual differences in beef cattle to conditions of social isolation, human proximity, novelty and restraint, the tests that best do this are the restraint test, the open-field test, the following test, flight time, the fear of humans test and flight distance. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.