The increasing prevalence of myopia: implications for Australia
The increasing prevalence of myopia: implications for Australia
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1442-9071.2001.00389.x
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Mitchell, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rose, K;Smith, W;Mitchell, P
近视通常被认为是公共卫生研究中的次要重点，但近视的公共卫生成本相当大，这既是由于光学矫正的成本，也是由于近视引起的相关眼病（青光眼、后囊下白内障）发病所带来的成本，以及近视视网膜变性和视网膜脱离可能导致的视力障碍和失明。有明确的证据表明，东亚地区近视患病率很高，而且还在不断增加，这显然是由于教育压力和城市化的增加造成的。在这些风险因素的作用方面，美国、欧洲和澳大利亚的数据与亚洲的数据一致。然而，由于缺乏足够的纵向研究以及与年龄相关的远视的混杂效应，近视患病率增加的证据存在更多问题。结论是，澳大利亚的近视患病率可能正在增加，尽管变化幅度远低于东亚。因此，显然需要进行纵向研究来量化澳大利亚近视患病率的变化，以准确评估公共卫生影响并协助制定预防方法。
Myopia is often regarded as a minor priority in public health research, yet the public health costs of myopia are considerable, both due to the costs of optical correction and from the costs imposed by the morbidity resulting from myopia in terms of associated eye disease (glaucoma, posterior subcapsular cataract), and the visual impairment and blindness that can result from myopia due to myopic retinal degeneration and retinal detachment. There is clear evidence for a high and increasing prevalence of myopia in East Asia, apparently driven by increasing educational pressures and urbanization. Data from the USA, Europe and Australia are consistent with the data from Asia in terms of the role of these risk factors. However, the evidence for an increasing prevalence of myopia is more problematic, due to the lack of adequate longitudinal studies, and the confounding effects of age-related hypermetropization. It is concluded that the prevalence of myopia is probably increasing in Australia, although the changes are of much lower magnitude than in East Asia. Longitudinal studies are, therefore, clearly required to quantify changes in the prevalence of myopia in Australia, for accurate assessment of the public health impacts and to assist with the development of preventive approaches.