Bacillus anthracis Diversity and Geographic Potential across Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad: Further Support of a Novel West African Lineage.
Bacillus anthracis Diversity and Geographic Potential across Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad: Further Support of a Novel West African Lineage.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003931
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hadfield T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackburn JK;Odugbo MO;Van Ert M;O'Shea B;Mullins J;Perreten V;Maho A;Hugh-Jones M;Hadfield T
人畜共患病，即影响人类和动物的疾病，可对人类和兽医卫生系统造成巨大压力，特别是在资源有限的国家。炭疽病是一种令人关注的人畜共患病，是一种需要在尼日利亚加大公共卫生关注的疾病。在这里，我们描述了尼日利亚炭疽杆菌的遗传多样性，并将其与乍得，喀麦隆和更广泛的全球数据集的基础上的多位点可变数目串联重复序列（MLVA-25）遗传分型系统。尼日利亚B.炭疽分离株具有相同的MLVA基因型，只能通过测量高度可变的单核苷酸重复序列（SNRs）来分辨。尼日利亚的MLVA基因型与邻国的MLVA基因型相同或高度遗传相似，证实了这些菌株属于这种独特的西非血统。有趣的是，来自尼日利亚分离株的序列数据共享先前描述的该区域菌株的anthrose缺陷基因型，这可能与疫苗逃避有关。本研究中的菌株分离超过60年，表明在区域上具有高水平的时间菌株稳定性。生态位模型被用来预测所有三个国家的病原体的地理分布。我们描述了一个从北方尼日利亚延伸到乍得和喀麦隆的东西向生境走廊。生态位模型和遗传分析结果表明，B。炭疽菌在尼日利亚的生态建立。这些发现扩展了我们对全球B的理解。炭疽菌种群结构，并可指导区域炭疽监测和控制规划。由土传炭疽杆菌引起的炭疽病是一种对全球公共卫生和国家安全具有重要影响的疾病。了解病原体的全球遗传多样性对于炭疽事件的流行病学和法医学调查非常重要。为此，我们描述B。研究人员对尼日利亚炭疽菌的遗传多样性进行了研究，并证实它属于一个独特的西非遗传群体，除了邻国喀麦隆、乍得和马里之外，还没有报道过。这细化了B的全局遗传。炭疽病，使发展更准确的诊断。我们将这些努力与生态位建模相结合，以绘制该地区该菌株群的地理分布图。预计病原体的适宜栖息地从西向东横跨尼日利亚中部进入喀麦隆和乍得。了解B的地理位置。炭疽病通过针对高风险地区的疾病控制，在宣传公共卫生方面发挥着重要作用。这在资源有限的地区尤其重要，因为在这些地区，干预战略受到限制，人畜共患病风险很高。
Zoonoses, diseases affecting both humans and animals, can exert tremendous pressures on human and veterinary health systems, particularly in resource limited countries. Anthrax is one such zoonosis of concern and is a disease requiring greater public health attention in Nigeria. Here we describe the genetic diversity of Bacillus anthracis in Nigeria and compare it to Chad, Cameroon and a broader global dataset based on the multiple locus variable number tandem repeat (MLVA-25) genetic typing system. Nigerian B. anthracis isolates had identical MLVA genotypes and could only be resolved by measuring highly mutable single nucleotide repeats (SNRs). The Nigerian MLVA genotype was identical or highly genetically similar to those in the neighboring countries, confirming the strains belong to this unique West African lineage. Interestingly, sequence data from a Nigerian isolate shares the anthrose deficient genotypes previously described for strains in this region, which may be associated with vaccine evasion. Strains in this study were isolated over six decades, indicating a high level of temporal strain stability regionally. Ecological niche models were used to predict the geographic distribution of the pathogen for all three countries. We describe a west-east habitat corridor through northern Nigeria extending into Chad and Cameroon. Ecological niche models and genetic results show B. anthracis to be ecologically established in Nigeria. These findings expand our understanding of the global B. anthracis population structure and can guide regional anthrax surveillance and control planning. Anthrax, caused by the soil-borne bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a disease with important public health and national security implications globally. Understanding the global genetic diversity of the pathogen is important for epidemiological and forensic investigations of anthrax events. Toward this, we describe B. anthracis genetic diversity in Nigeria and confirm it belongs to a unique West African genetic group not yet reported beyond neighboring Cameroon and Chad and Mali. This refines the global phylogeny of B. anthracis, allowing the development of more accurate diagnostics. We coupled these efforts with ecological niche modeling to map the geographic distribution of this strain group across the region. Suitable habitat for the pathogen is predicted across central Nigeria from west to east into Cameroon and Chad. Understanding the geography of B. anthracis plays an important role in informing public health by targeting disease control to high risk regions. This is particularly important in resource limited areas where intervention strategies are constrained and zoonotic disease risk is high.