Psychometrics : An Introduction
Psychometrics : An Introduction
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发表时间：
2007-10
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通讯作者：
R. Furr;V. R. Bacharach
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作者：
R. Furr;V. R. Bacharach
1. 心理测量学和心理测量的重要性可观察行为和不可观察属性心理测试：定义和类型心理测量学对心理学测量的挑战主题：个体差异的重要性衡量基本问题和数字测量单位可加性和计数四个测量尺度摘要建议阅读材料3。个体差异与相关性可变性的本质个体差异的重要性可变性与分数分布分布形状与正态分布量化分布之间的关联“综合分数”方差解释考试成绩测试规范摘要建议阅读测试维度与因子分析测试维度因子分析：检验测试的维度信度：信度的概念基础概述与经典测试理论观察分数、真实分数与测量误差观察分数的方差、真实分数与误差分数思考信度的四种方式——平行测试的信度与测量标准误差信度交替表信度测试重测信度内部一致性信度影响测试分数信度的因素样本同质性和信度差异分数的概化信度可靠性行为研究与行为实践的重要性：个人测验成绩的评估、测验构建与改进摘要效度：概念基础什么是效度？效度证据：测试内容效度证据：测试的内部结构效度证据：反应过程效度证据：与其他变量的关联效度证据：测试其他效度观点的结果对比信度和效度的重要性效度：评估影响效度系数的收敛效度因子和区别效度因子的方法反应偏倚反应偏倚的类型应对反应偏倚的方法反应偏倚、反应集和反应风格概述建议阅读材料11。测试偏倚为什么担心测试分数偏倚检测结构偏倚：测试的内部评价检测预测偏倚：测试的外部评价摘要建议阅读材料12。概括性理论测量的多个方面概括性和方差成分G研究和D研究进行和解释概括性理论分析：一个方面的设计进行和解释概括性理论分析：一个两方面的设计其他测量设计摘要脚注建议阅读材料13。项目反应理论与Rasch模型- IRT基础- IRT测量模型- IRT实例：Rasch模型-项目与测试信息- IRT的应用
1. Psychometrics and the Importance of Psychological Measurement Observable Behavior and Unobservable Attributes Psychological Tests: Definition and Types Psychometrics Challenges to Measurement in Psychology Theme: The Importance of Individual Differences 2. Scaling Fundamental Issues and Numbers Units of Measurement Additivity and Counting Four Scales of Measurement Summary Suggested Readings 3. Individual Differences and Correlations The Nature of Variability Importance of Individual Differences Variability and Distribution of Scores Distribution Shapes and Normal Distributions Quantifying the Association Between Distributions Variance of "Composite Scores" Interpreting Test Scores Test Norms Summary Suggested Readings 4. Test Dimensionality and Factor Analysis Test Dimensionality Factor Analysis: Examining the Dimensionality of a Test Summary Suggested Readings 5. Reliability: Conceptual Basis Overview of Reliability and Classical Test Theory Observed Scores, True Scores and Measurement Error Variances in Observed Scores, True Scores and Error Scores Four Ways to Think of Reliability Reliability and the Standard Error of Measurement Parallel Tests Summary 6. Empirical Estimates of Reliability Alternate Forms Reliability Test-Retest Reliability Internal Consistency Reliability Factors Affecting the Reliability of Test Scores Sample Homogeneity and Reliability Generalization Reliability of Difference Scores Summary 7. Importance of Reliability Behavioral Research Applied Behavioral Practice: Evaluation of an Individual's Test Score Test Construction and Refinement Summary Suggested Readings 8. Validity: The Conceptual Basis What is Validity? Validity Evidence: Test Content Validity Evidence: Internal Structure of the Test Validity Evidence: Response Processes Validity Evidence: Associations with Other Variables Validity Evidence: Consequences of Testing Other Perspectives on Validity Contrasting Reliability and Validity The Importance of Validity Summary Suggested Readings 9. Validity: Estimating and Evaluating Convergent and Discriminant Validity Methods for Evaluating Convergent and Discriminant Validity Factors Affecting a Validity Coefficient Interpreting a Validity Coefficient Summary Suggested Readings 10. Response Biases Types of Response Biases Methods for Coping with Response Biases Response Biases, Response Sets, and Response Styles Summary Suggested Readings 11. Test Bias Why Worry about Test Score Bias Detecting Construct Bias: Internal Evaluation of a Test Detecting Predictive Bias: External Evaluation of a Test Summary Suggested Readings 12. Generalizability Theory Multiple Facets of Measurement Generalizability and Variance Components G Studies and D Studies Conducting and Interpreting Generalizability Theory Analysis: A One-facet Design Conducting and Interpreting Generalizability Theory Analysis: A Two-facet Design Other Measurement Designs Summary Footnote Suggested Readings 13. Item Response Theory and Rasch Models Basics of IRT IRT Measurement Models An Example of IRT: A Rasch Model Item and Test Information Applications of IRT Summary Suggested Readings