Tumor-derived microvesicles: The metastasomes
Tumor-derived microvesicles: The metastasomes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.011
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Iacobelli, Stefano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghasemi, Reza;Grassadonia, Antonino;Iacobelli, Stefano
转移是癌症死亡的主要原因，但它在机械上被认为是一个非常低效的过程，表明存在某种（例如全身性）途径来促进该过程。转移前小生境形成被描述为一种这样的转移促进途径。现在，肿瘤衍生的微泡（TDMVs）的新兴潜力，不仅在制定转移前的小生境，而且赋予肿瘤表型到正常细胞，已整合到该领域的新概念。在这里，我们注意到，作为一个辅助命题，在其他网站，TDMV施加功能干扰，（我们称之为肿瘤酶体）可以通过两种看似相互关联的模型来帮助继发性病变的建立：（i）肿瘤器官训练（TOTr），训练用于播散的肿瘤细胞生长的适当的小生境;（ii）肿瘤器官靶向（TOTa），通过直接或间接途径促进转化表型的繁殖（TOTr介导的干扰基质）转化和/或次级器官中正常驻留细胞的生长/存活状态提高。鉴于分泌型MV中高含量的RNA分子（特别是microRNA），它们可能在这种“恶性性状”传播系统中起着至关重要的作用。也就是说，肿瘤组织特异性RNA签名之间的相互作用，通过RNA酶体转移，和其他区域的细胞类型/组织特异性RNA储藏室可以解决每个器官中的独特结果。因此，作为肿瘤器官的匹配者，RNA分子也可能在该过程的播种和向性中发挥重要作用。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, yet it is mechanistically considered a very inefficient process suggesting the presence of some sort of (e.g. systemic) routes for fuelling the process. The pre-metastatic niche formation is described as one such metastasis promoting route. Now, the emerging potentials of tumor-derived microvesicles (TDMVs), not only in formulating the pre-metastatic niche, but also conferring neoplastic phenotypes onto normal cells, has integrated new concepts into the field. Here, we note as an ancillary proposition that, exerting functional disturbances in other sites, TDMVs (we have termed them metastasomes) may aid foundation of the secondary lesions via two seemingly interrelated models: (i) tumor-organ-training (TOTr), training a proper niche for the growth of the disseminated tumor cells; (ii) tumor-organ-targeting (TOTa), contribution to the propagation of the transformed phenotype via direct or indirect (TOTr-mediated disturbed stroma) transformation and/or heightened growth/survival states of the normal resident cells in the secondary organs. Respecting the high content of the RNA molecules (particularly microRNAs) identified in the secretory MVs, they may play crucial parts in such "malignant trait" spreading system. That is, the interactions between tumor tissue-specific RNA signatures, being transferred via metastasomes, and the cell-type/tissue-specific RNA stockrooms in other areas may settle a unique outcome in each organ. Thus, serving as tumor-organ matchmakers, the RNA molecules may also play substantial roles in the seeding and tropism of the process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.