Energy Expenditure Incidence in the Presence of Prosumers: Can a Fixed Charge Lead Us to the Promised Land?
Energy Expenditure Incidence in the Presence of Prosumers: Can a Fixed Charge Lead Us to the Promised Land?
复制标题
产消者面前的能源消费发生率：固定收费能否带领我们到达应许之地？
DOI：
10.1109/tpwrs.2021.3104770
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Takashima, Ryuta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Yihsu;Tanaka, Makoto;Takashima, Ryuta
生产者拥有的分布式可再生资源被视为加强电网弹性和增强可持续性的有效途径。然而，生产消费者为自己的利益服务，他们的目标不太可能与社会的目标一致。它们在市场上的存在日益增加，可能会对经济上无力采用新技术的不太富裕的消费者产生负面影响。我们比较了不同收入群体的能源支出发病率时，产消者受到净计量和净计费政策，考虑批发和零售市场。我们证明，完全基于体积消费的政策，以收回固定成本可能有利于富裕的收入群体。在两种策略中，当生产者向电网出售电力时，在体积电价下，净计量比净计费更累退。一个混合的政策，也具有基于收入的固定收费和每年（重新）连接费或电网接入费的生产消费者，可能会提高能源公平的水平，能源支出的发生。由于其收入的确定性，这种政策也更容易被公用事业公司接受和吸引;但是，它可能会降低节能的激励。
Distributed renewable resources owned by prosumers have been viewed as an effective way of fortifying grid resilience and enhancing sustainability. However, prosumers serve their own interests, and their objective is unlikely to align with that of society. Their growing presence in the market may negatively affect less affluent consumers who are financially unable to adopt new technologies. We compare the energy expenditure incidence among different income groups when prosumers are subject to a net-metering and a net-billing policy considering both the wholesale and retail markets. We demonstrate that policies exclusively based on volumetric consumption for recovering fixed costs are likely to favor the affluent income group. Among the two policies, net-metering is more regressive than net-billing under the volumetric tariff when prosumers are selling power into the grid. A hybrid policy, which also features an income-based fixed charge and an annual (re)connection fee or a grid access fee on prosumers, may potentially improve energy equity by leveling the energy expenditure incidence. Due to its revenue certainty, such policy is also more acceptable by and appealing to the utilities; however, it may reduce the incentive for conserving energy.