Gender and Nonverbal Decoding Skill as Determinants of Interpersonal Expectancy, Effects
Gender and Nonverbal Decoding Skill as Determinants of Interpersonal Expectancy, Effects
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性别和非语言解码技能作为人际期望、影响的决定因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Rosenthal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Christensen;R. Rosenthal
本研究考察了同性和异性二人组中自我实现预言的发生情况。男性和女性担任访谈员，并与男性和女性受访者互动。我们假设，男性面试官（a）比女性更容易受到关于受访者的错误互动前信息的影响，（B）会对受访者表现出更多的偏见行为，（c）会对受访者产生更大的影响，从而证实他们的期望。我们还预计，女性作为受访者将比男性更积极地回应面试官的人际期望，因此，女性被预测将表现出更强的行为确认。结果表明，预期效应在同性和混合性别的二人组。支持被发现的假设，男性会更偏向于他们的期望，并会产生更强的行为确认，在他们的受访者比女性。结果还表明，女性受访者比男性更容易表现出行为确认。此外，研究还探讨了预期效应与被访者非言语解码技能之间的关系。音频解码能力好的男性比解码能力差的男性更准确地诊断出面试官行为中的偏见。女性受访者的解码技巧和对面试官偏见的敏感性之间没有显着的关系。本研究结果对了解性别角色刻板印象和性别角色行为有一定的启示。
This research investigated the occurrence of the self-fulfilling prophecy in sameand mixed-sex dyads. Males and females served as interviewers and interacted with both male and female interviewees. We hypothesized that male interviewers (a) would be more influenced by erroneous preinteraction information about interviewees than females, (b) would show more biased behavior toward their interviewees, and (c) would be more influential at producing behavior in the interviewees that confirmed their expectations. We also anticipated that females as interviewees would be more responsive than males to the interpersonal expectations of their interviewers and thus, females were predicted to show stronger behavioral confirmation. The results demonstrated that expectancy effects operate in both same- and mixed-sex dyads. Support was found for the hypotheses that males would be more biased by their expectations and would produce stronger behavioral confirmation in their interviewees than females. The results also indicated that females as interviewees more readily showed behavioral confirmation than males. The relationship between expectancy effects and interviewees' nonverbal decoding skills was also investigated. Males who were good audio decoders accurately diagnosed more bias in the behavior of their interviewers than males who were poor decoders. A significant relationship between decoding skill and sensitivity to interviewer bias was not found for female interviewees. It is suggested that the findings of this study have implications for understanding sex role stereotypes and sex role behavior.