Defending Nation, Defending Nature? Militarized Landscapes and Military Environmentalism in Britain, France, and the United States

Defending Nation, Defending Nature? Militarized Landscapes and Military Environmentalism in Britain, France, and the United States
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保卫国家,保卫自然?

DOI:
10.1093/envhis/emr038
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
0.7
通讯作者:
Coates P
Coates P
中科院分区:
人文科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Coates P

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本文汇集了来自英国、法国和美国的实证案例研究,以发展用于准备战争和国防的景观的新生历史。虽然环境历史学家已经探讨了战争对环境的影响,但军事训练区和武器制造基地仍然是这一比较研究的重点,尽管军队在准备战争时部署了大量土地。本文通过四个主要主题的透镜来探讨这些重要但未被充分研究的遗址--通过驱逐来抗议军事化,军事环境主义的出现,军事化景观中非人类居住者的地位和作用,以及平民和军队之间的合作--在一个广泛的时间顺序比较研究中。正如这些主题所揭示的那样,需要对军事与环境之间不断演变的关系进行更微妙的分析,作为目前主导学术的二元方法的解毒剂。现有的观点不仅往往缺乏对时间和空间的敏感性,而且要么不加批判地声称军事活动对生态无害(甚至有益),要么将军事环境主义的主张视为纯粹的“漂绿”。
This article draws together empirical case studies from Britain, France, and the United States to develop the nascent history of landscapes used to prepare for war and national defense. Although environmental historians have explored the environmental impact of war, the military training areas and weapons manufacturing sites that form the focus of this comparative study remain peripheral to the discipline, despite the vast landholdings that militaries deploy in the preparation for war. This essay approaches these important but understudied sites through the lens of four major themes—protesting militarization through eviction, the emergence of military environmentalism, the status and role of nonhuman occupants of militarized landscapes, and cooperation between civilians and the military—in a broadly chronological comparative study. As these themes reveal, more subtle analysis of the evolving relationship between the military and the environment is required as an antidote to the binary approaches that currently dominate scholarship. Existing perspectives not only tend to lack sensitivity to both time and space but either uncritically claim that military activity is ecologically harmless (or even beneficial) or dismiss the claims of military environmentalism as mere “greenwash.”
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