Infants avoid 'labouring in vain' by attending more to learnable than unlearnable linguistic patterns
Infants avoid 'labouring in vain' by attending more to learnable than unlearnable linguistic patterns
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01046.x
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Minton, Juliet L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerken, LouAnn;Balcomb, Frances K.;Minton, Juliet L.
每个环境都包含无限的潜在特征以及特征或模式之间的相关性。在一种环境中检测有效且可学习的模式对学习者来说是有益的，因为这样做可以为重复出现相同或类似模式的新环境提供可预测性。然而，特征之间的一些明显相关性反映了虚假模式，并且尝试学习后者会花费时间和资源，对学习者没有任何好处。因此，复杂环境中的高效学习者需要更多地关注反映真实且可学习模式的输入，而不是反映虚假或最终不可学习模式的输入。然而，为了在没有外部反馈的情况下实现这样的效率，学习者需要对自己的学习进度有一个隐含的衡量标准。人类婴儿有这样的指标吗？两项实验的数据表明，17 个月大的孩子会花更长时间学习可学习的语言语法，而不是不可学习的语言语法，需要更多的尝试来习惯，并且需要更多的时间来习惯可以对输入刺激进行有效概括的语法。这些数据提供了第一个证据，表明婴儿对自己的学习进度有隐含的衡量标准，并优先将注意力集中在环境中可学习的方面。
Every environment contains infinite potential features and correlations among features, or patterns. Detecting valid and learnable patterns in one environment is beneficial for learners because doing so lends predictability to new environments where the same or analogous patterns recur. However, some apparent correlations among features reflect spurious patterns, and attempting to learn the latter costs time and resources with no advantage to the learner. Thus, an efficient learner in a complex environment needs to devote more attention to input that reflects a real and learnable pattern than to input that reflects a spurious or ultimately unlearnable pattern. However, in order to achieve such efficiency in the absence of external feedback, learners need to have an implicit metric of their own learning progress. Do human infants have such a metric? Data from two experiments demonstrate that 17-month-olds attend longer to learnable vs. unlearnable linguistic grammars, taking more trials to habituate and more overall time to habituate for grammars in which a valid generalization over input stimuli can be made. These data provide the first evidence that infants have an implicit metric of their own learning progress and preferentially direct their attention to learnable aspects of their environment.