Sarbecoviruses of British horseshoe bats; sequence variation and epidemiology
Sarbecoviruses of British horseshoe bats; sequence variation and epidemiology
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DOI：
10.1099/jgv.0.001859
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发表时间：
2023-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Tarlinton, Rachael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Apaa, Ternenge;Withers, Amy J.;Tarlinton, Rachael
马蹄蝙蝠是Sarbecovirus亚属的天然宿主，包括SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2。尽管COVID-19大流行造成毁灭性影响，但对沙伯冠状病毒在其天然宿主中的潜在流行病学和病毒学仍知之甚少，导致我们的大流行防范工作存在巨大缺口。在这里，我们描述了两种菊头蝠（Rhinolophus hipposideros和R.于2021-22年COVID-19大流行高峰期间收集。一百九十七R. 33个栖息地的蹄蝠样品和277个R.对20个栖息地的甲喹样品进行了检测。在来自R的任何样本中均未检测到冠状病毒。而来自R.在多个栖息地的马蹄蝠在肉瘤病毒特异性qPCR中检测为阳性。使用Illumina RNAseq对未富集的样品从三个阳性样品（和来自另外两个的部分基因组）生成全基因组序列。系统发育分析表明，获得的序列属于同一个单系分支，与先前报道的欧洲分离物的相似性>95%。河马。这些序列的差异在于是否存在辅助基因ORF 7 b、9 b和10。所有这些都缺乏SARS-CoV-2刺突基因的弗林蛋白酶切割位点，因此不太可能对人类具有感染性。这些结果表明，SARS-CoV-2从人类传播到易感的GB蝙蝠的情况很少，或者至少发生率很低，并证实了Sarbecovirus感染在R.河马。尽管经常与R.铁甲喹，没有发现跨物种传播的证据。
Horseshoe bats are the natural hosts of the Sarbecovirus subgenus that includes SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Despite the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still little known about the underlying epidemiology and virology of sarbe-coviruses in their natural hosts, leaving large gaps in our pandemic preparedness. Here we describe the results of PCR testing for sarbecoviruses in the two horseshoe bat species (Rhinolophus hipposideros and R. ferrumequinum) present in Great Britain, collected in 2021-22 during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and ninety seven R. hipposideros samples from 33 roost sites and 277 R. ferrumequinum samples from 20 roost sites were tested. No coronaviruses were detected in any samples from R. ferrumequinum whereas 44 and 56 % of individual and pooled (respectively) faecal samples from R. hipposideros across multiple roost sites tested positive in a sarbecovirus-specific qPCR. Full genome sequences were generated from three of the positive samples (and partial genomes from two more) using Illumina RNAseq on unenriched samples. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the obtained sequences belong to the same monophyletic clade, with >95% similarity to previously-reported European isolates from R. hipposideros. The sequences differed in the presence or absence of accessory genes ORF 7b, 9b and 10. All lacked the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike gene and are therefore unlikely to be infective for humans. These results demonstrate a lack, or at least low incidence, of SARS-CoV-2 spill over from humans to susceptible GB bats, and confirm that sarbecovirus infection is widespread in R. hipposideros. Despite frequently sharing roost sites with R. ferrumequinum, no evidence of cross-species transmission was found.