Social costs of surveillance and the case of biometrics
Social costs of surveillance and the case of biometrics
复制标题
监视的社会成本和生物识别技术的案例
DOI：
10.1109/mipro.2014.6859764
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marija Krlic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marija Krlic
关于生物识别措施发展的讨论长期以来不仅认识到它们提供的技术能力的增加，而且认识到它们对隐私造成的特殊影响。然而，与其他监控措施的情况一样，与生物识别相关的隐私概念的范围相对狭窄，未能考虑到近几十年来监控技术的重大发展所产生的其他重要社会影响。生物鉴别措施----与人的身体和独特的身体构成有着内在的联系----引起了人们对当代监视能力对个人和特定社会群体的社会影响的更加突出的关切。有一套学术分析确实致力于解决生物识别技术应用规模和范围扩大所引起的一些社会、道德和政治问题。然而，这与从法律的角度对数据保护和隐私问题进行的更重要但更狭窄的讨论相比，显得微不足道。对使用生物特征识别措施所产生的具体社会成本及其特点的分析相对缺乏，掩盖了这些措施在公民和民间社会团体中引起特别敏感的潜力。本文借鉴了一些可用的社会学文献，以及从某些生物识别技术的有效性进行评估的结果作为欧盟FP 7 IRISS项目的一部分。其目的是强调在公民所处的当代监控环境中，与更广泛、更密集地使用生物识别措施相关的重大社会成本。
Discussions of the developments in biometric measures have long recognised not only the increased technological capabilities they offer but also the particular impacts they pose for privacy. However, not unlike the case with other surveillance measures, the relatively narrow scope of this concept of privacy in relation to biometrics fails to take account of other important social impacts emanating from the significant developments in surveillance technologies over recent decades. Biometric measures - with their inherent links to the person's body and unique, physical make-up - raise even more salient concerns with respect to the social implications of contemporary surveillance capabilities both for the individual and particular social groups. There is a body of academic analysis that does endeavour to address some of the sociological, ethical and political issues raised by the increased scale and scope of application of biometric technologies. However, this pales into comparative insignificance in relation to the far weightier but much narrower discussion of data protection and privacy issues from a legal perspective. This relative paucity of analysis of the specific social costs - and their particular features-emanating from the use of biometric measures belies their potential to arouse particular sensitivities amongst both citizens and civil society groups. This paper draws upon some of the available sociological literature as well as upon findings from an evaluation of the effectiveness of certain biometric technologies conducted as part of the EU FP7 IRISS project. The aim is to highlight those significant social costs that are associated with the wider and more intensive use of biometric measures within the contemporary surveillance context in which the citizen finds themselves.