Creatively interpreting policy to move science forward: Implementing participatory technology assessment at NASA
Creatively interpreting policy to move science forward: Implementing participatory technology assessment at NASA
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创造性地解释政策以推动科学前进：在 NASA 实施参与式技术评估
DOI：
10.1111/ropr.12509
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Fowler, Luke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Torres, Christopher;Fowler, Luke
创业战略和策略往往是微妙和不连续的，这增加了一个人如何成为企业家的谜团，特别是在通常为约束此类行为而设立的官僚机构中。两位作者利用美国国家航空航天局(NASA)S公众参与实践的案例研究，考察了企业家如何改变与行政机构的政策解读。研究结果描述了三种创业战略和战术：(1)使用一对一或小组会议来联系不同组织的不同受众；(2)将新的政策解释与现有的政策解释捆绑在一起，使变化看起来不那么激进；(3)将自己定位在行动的中间，以控制叙事和进展。结论既讨论了改变现状的实用机制，也讨论了越来越多关于民主制度下官僚企业家战略和战术方法的文献的理论贡献。
Entrepreneurial strategies and tactics are often subtle and indiscrete, adding to the mystery of how one goes about being an entrepreneur, particularly within bureaucratic agencies that are often set up to constrain such behaviors. The authors use a case study of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s public engagement practices to examine how entrepreneurs shift policy interpretations with administrative agencies. Findings describe three entrepreneurial strategies and tactics: (1) using one‐on‐one or small group meetings to connect to different audiences across organizations; (2) tying new policy interpretations to existing ones, so changes seem less radical; and, (3) positioning oneself in the middle of the action to control both narrative and progress. Conclusions discuss both practical mechanisms for shifting away from the status quo, and the theoretical contributions to a growing body of literature on strategic and tactical approaches of bureaucratic entrepreneurs in democratic systems.