Maintenance of intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: a cognitive approach.
Maintenance of intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: a cognitive approach.
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创伤后应激障碍中侵入性记忆的维持：一种认知方法。
DOI：
10.1017/s135246580001585x
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发表时间：
1995-07
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Steil, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehlers, A;Steil, R
创伤性事件发生后，侵入性回忆非常常见， 被认为是情绪处理的必要方面。但如果这些 侵入性记忆持续了很长一段时间，它们与长期 精神障碍，尤其是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。这 本文讨论了需要调查的因素，在维护 侵入性创伤回忆这表明， 侵入性回忆的意义预示着它们所造成的痛苦， 个人参与策略以控制 入侵。这些控制策略通过以下方式维持侵入性回忆： 防止创伤和创伤记忆的意义发生变化。 有人进一步建议，需要全面评估 防止意义改变的过程，超出了对 回避尤其是安全行为，分离和麻木， 抑制关于创伤的记忆和想法，沉思，激活 其他情绪，如愤怒和内疚以及相应的认知， 可能涉及选择性信息处理（注意力和记忆偏差） 保持侵入性记忆的能力初步数据支持这些 对道路交通事故所涉个人的研究提出的建议， 儿童性虐待的幸存者被描述。
Intrusive recollections are very common immediately after traumatic events and are considered necessary aspects of emotional processing. However, if these intrusive recollections persist over a long time, they are linked to long-term psychiatric disorder, especially Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This paper discusses the need to investigate factors involved in the maintenance of intrusive traumatic recollections. It is suggested that the idiosyncratic meaning of the intrusive recollections predicts the distress caused by them, and the degree to which the individual engages in strategies to control the intrusions. These control strategies maintain the intrusive recollections by preventing a change in the meaning of the trauma and of the traumatic memories. It is further suggested that what is needed is a comprehensive assessment of the processes that prevent change in meaning, going beyond the assessment of avoidance. In particular, safety behaviours, dissociation and numbing, suppression of memories and thoughts about trauma, rumination, activation of other emotions such as anger and guilt and corresponding cognitions, and selective information processing (attentional and memory biases) may be involved in the maintenance of intrusive recollections. Preliminary data supporting these suggestions from studies of individuals involved in road traffic accidents and survivors of child sexual abuse are described.