Distinct Brain and Behavioral Benefits from Cognitive vs. Physical Training: A Randomized Trial in Aging Adults.
Distinct Brain and Behavioral Benefits from Cognitive vs. Physical Training: A Randomized Trial in Aging Adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00338
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
D'Esposito M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman SB;Aslan S;Spence JS;Keebler MW;DeFina LF;Didehbani N;Perez AM;Lu H;D'Esposito M
正常衰老的潜伏下降是有目共睹的。新出现的证据表明，非药物干预，特别是认知和身体训练，可能会抵消与年龄相关的认知和大脑功能的下降。这项随机试验比较了两种训练方案：认知训练(CT)和体育训练(PT)对56-75岁成年人的认知和脑功能的影响。久坐不动的参与者(N=36)被随机分为CT组或PT组，每周3小时，持续12周。他们在基线、中期和训练后使用神经认知、核磁共振和生理测量进行评估。CT组的执行功能改善，而PT组的记忆力增强。与PT组相比，CT队列独特地部署了脑血流(CBF)和脑血管反应性(CVR)MRI，显示前额叶和中后扣带回(PCC)的CBF增加，但不改变为CVR。复杂抽象能力的改善与背侧前扣带回皮质(DACC)静息脑血流量的增加呈正相关。双侧海马区CBF越高的运动者，即刻记忆力越好。初步证据表明，认知和体力活动的增加以不同的方式改善大脑健康。推理训练增强了额叶网络，表明它对自上而下的认知控制和大脑弹性是不可或缺的。静息CBF增加而CVR没有改变的证据表明神经健康状况改善，而不是血管反应改善。运动没有改善脑血管反应，尽管记忆增强的人海马区的CBF增加了。独特的好处激励联合方案的测试有效性，以加强大脑健康。
Insidious declines in normal aging are well-established. Emerging evidence suggests that non-pharmacological interventions, specifically cognitive and physical training, may counter diminishing age-related cognitive and brain functions. This randomized trial compared effects of two training protocols: cognitive training (CT) vs. physical training (PT) on cognition and brain function in adults 56–75 years. Sedentary participants (N = 36) were randomized to either CT or PT group for 3 h/week over 12 weeks. They were assessed at baseline-, mid-, and post-training using neurocognitive, MRI, and physiological measures. The CT group improved on executive function whereas PT group's memory was enhanced. Uniquely deploying cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) MRI, the CT cohort showed increased CBF within the prefrontal and middle/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) without change to CVR compared to PT group. Improvements in complex abstraction were positively associated with increased resting CBF in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Exercisers with higher CBF in hippocampi bilaterally showed better immediate memory. The preliminary evidence indicates that increased cognitive and physical activity improves brain health in distinct ways. Reasoning training enhanced frontal networks shown to be integral to top-down cognitive control and brain resilience. Evidence of increased resting CBF without changes to CVR implicates increased neural health rather than improved vascular response. Exercise did not improve cerebrovascular response, although CBF increased in hippocampi of those with memory gains. Distinct benefits incentivize testing effectiveness of combined protocols to strengthen brain health.