Questioning Kaufman: How Cross-Level Political Coalitions Interact with Organizational Structure
Questioning Kaufman: How Cross-Level Political Coalitions Interact with Organizational Structure
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质疑考夫曼：跨层级政治联盟如何与组织结构相互作用
DOI：
10.1111/puar.12753
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
F. Fleischman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Fleischman
赫伯特考夫曼的《森林护林员》被认为是一部里程碑式的研究，研究了组织如何构建以吸引外地官员的遵守，但很少有人试图验证考夫曼的说法。作者认为，考夫曼观察到的结果是组织结构和政治环境之间相互作用的结果，而这是考夫曼忽略的一个变量。这一论点得到了两个机构的案例研究的支持，这两个机构的结构类似于考夫曼的美国林务局，但结果较差：今天的同一个机构和印度的森林部门。组织结构的差异和较差的结果被认为是政治背景的结果。具体而言，围绕各机构组成的联盟利用执行进程来塑造成果，而这是无法仅仅通过改变法律或正式行政结构来实现的。这表明必须建立外地一级的支助性联盟，以补充行政改革。
Herbert Kaufman's The Forest Ranger is considered a landmark study of how organizations can be structured to elicit compliance from field officials, yet there have been few attempts to validate Kaufman's claims. The author argues that the outcomes observed by Kaufman resulted from interplay between organizational structure and political context—a variable that Kaufman ignored. This argument is supported by case studies of two agencies with structures similar to Kaufman's U.S. Forest Service but poorer outcomes: the same agency today and India's forest departments. Both differences in organizational structure and poorer outcomes are found to be the result of political context. Specifically, coalitions assembled around agencies use the implementation process to shape outcomes in ways that could not be accomplished solely through changing laws or formal administrative structure. This points to the importance of building supportive field-level coalitions to complement administrative reforms.