Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems.
Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.14982
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Pausas;B. Lamont;S. Paula;B. Appezzato‐da‐Glória;A. Fidelis
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Pausas;B. Lamont;S. Paula;B. Appezzato‐da‐Glória;A. Fidelis
尽管长期以来人们意识到芽在植物生物学中位置的重要性，但对地下芽库的研究却很少。诸如木块茎、木基和索孔等术语，都是指地下发芽结构，在文献中使用不一致。因为土壤有效地隔绝了分生组织与火的热量，隐藏在地下的芽对火灾多发的生态系统有益。因此，在这些生态系统中，有一个显着的多样性的发芽结构。地下芽至少储存在六个地方：根、根冠、根茎、木本瘤、肉质突起和地下茎。它们支持许多形态上不同的器官。考虑到它们的历史和功能，这些器官可以分为三组：那些起源于植物早期历史和目前广泛分布的器官（带芽的根和根冠）；那些也起源于早期并且主要在蕨类植物和单子叶植物中传播的植物（非木质根状茎和广泛的肉质地下肿胀物）；还有那些起源较晚、与火灾易发生态系统密切相关的植物（木本根茎、木本块茎和木脚类植物）。认识到地下芽库的多样性是理解应对严重复发性干扰的许多进化途径的起点。
Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy swellings and belowground caudexes. These support many morphologically distinct organs. Given their history and function, these organs may be divided into three groups: those that originated in the early history of plants and that currently are widespread (bud-bearing roots and root crowns); those that also originated early and have spread mainly among ferns and monocots (nonwoody rhizomes and a wide range of fleshy underground swellings); and those that originated later in history and are strictly tied to fire-prone ecosystems (woody rhizomes, lignotubers and xylopodia). Recognizing the diversity of belowground bud banks is the starting point for understanding the many evolutionary pathways available for responding to severe recurrent disturbances.