Basophils, basophilia and helminth infections
Basophils, basophilia and helminth infections
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DOI：
10.1159/000088886
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nutman, Thomas B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mitre, Edward;Nutman, Thomas B.
越来越多的证据表明，嗜碱性细胞是人类对蠕虫感染的免疫反应的重要组成部分。在几种蠕虫感染的动物模型中，嗜碱性细胞的数量增加，并且嗜碱性细胞被证明能释放组胺和IL-4作为对蠕虫的反应。蠕虫感染通常会引发2型免疫反应，其特征是嗜酸性粒细胞增多、抗原特异性和多克隆IgE水平升高，以及T细胞产生2型细胞因子，如IL-4、IL-5和IL-13。IL-4在这一2型反应中起核心作用。由于嗜碱性粒细胞是唯一能够在适当刺激下迅速释放IL-4的外周血单核细胞，在表面IgE交联后几分钟内释放大量预先形成的IL-4，因此，一旦存在Ag特异性IgE，嗜碱性粒细胞似乎在放大正在进行的针对蠕虫感染的2型免疫反应中发挥重要作用。嗜碱性粒细胞也可以在第一次暴露于蠕虫时启动2型反应，并在再次暴露时潜在地重新建立这些反应。本文综述了嗜碱性细胞的基本生物学和生理学，评价了在蠕虫感染中存在嗜碱性的证据，然后重点讨论了嗜碱性细胞在蠕虫感染的免疫反应中可能发挥的作用。
A growing body of evidence suggests basophils are important components of the human immune response to helminth infections. Basophil numbers are increased in several animal models of helminth infection, and basophils have been shown to release both histamine and IL-4 in response to helminths. Helminth infections typically provoke type 2 immune responses characterized by eosinophilia, elevated levels of Ag-specific and polyclonal IgE, and T cell production of type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. IL-4 plays a central role in this type 2 response. As basophils are the only peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the ability to release IL-4 rapidly in response to appropriate stimuli, releasing large quantities of preformed IL-4 within minutes of surface IgE cross-linking, it appears likely that basophils play an important role in amplifying ongoing type 2 immune responses to helminth infections once Ag-specific IgE is present. Basophils may also function to initiate type 2 responses upon first exposure to helminths and to potentially re-establish these responses upon re-exposure. This article reviews basic basophil biology and physiology, evaluates the evidence for the presence of basophilia in helminth infections, and then focuses on the possible roles basophils serve in the immune response to helminth infections.