The sweet smell of success: floral scent affects pollinator attraction and seed fitness in Hesperis matronalis
The sweet smell of success: floral scent affects pollinator attraction and seed fitness in Hesperis matronalis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01517.x
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ashman, Tia-Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Majetic, Cassie J.;Raguso, Robert A.;Ashman, Tia-Lynn
花的气味模式通常被认为是由传粉媒介介导的自然选择形成的。然而，虽然许多研究记录了传粉者对花香的行为反应，但很少记录花香与适合度之间的关系。在这项研究中，我们探讨了颜色多态性的Hesperis matronalis花香排放的变化对传粉者访问和种子适合度的影响。使用具有颜色特异性花香提取物的目标花序，我们发现，与非增强对照相比，日间访花者明显更喜欢夜香提取物;用日香提取物增强的花序接受中等水平的访问。颜色没有显着的影响visitation.We特征的自然变化花香排放率和种子生产的植物在两种设置下的关系：在小实验阵列暴露于白天或夜间飞行的传粉者，并在野生种群暴露于所有传粉者。在阵列中，我们发现更大的发射率导致更高的种子产量，但仅在暴露于日间飞行传粉者的植物中。与此相反，我们发现一个显着的正相关关系夜间开花率和种子适合度在野生种群。在这两种情况下，花的花青素浓度（颜色）没有影响fitness.这项研究加强了这样一个想法，即气味介导的传粉者访问是植物健身的一个重要组成部分。此外，我们的研究结果表明，发出更多气味的植物具有更高的适应性，尽管这种正相关何时发生存在差异（即，白天或晚上）。将花香与健康联系起来的研究是理解花香进化的必要的第一步。
Patterns of floral scent are generally assumed to have been shaped by pollinator-mediated natural selection. However, while many studies document behavioural responses of pollinators to floral scent, few document the relationship between floral scent and fitness.In this study, we explore the effect of variation in floral scent emission in colour polymorphic Hesperis matronalis on both pollinator visitation and seed fitness.Using target inflorescences augmented with colour-specific floral scent extracts, we find that diurnal floral visitors significantly prefer night-scent extracts to non-augmented controls; inflorescences augmented with day-scent extracts receive an intermediate level of visits. Colour did not have a significant effect on visitation.We characterized the relationship between natural variation in floral scent emission rate and seed production for plants under two settings: in small experimental arrays exposed to either day- or night-flying pollinators, and in wild populations exposed to all pollinators. In arrays, we found greater emission rate led to higher seed production, but only in plants exposed to day-flying pollinators. In contrast, we found a significant positive relationship between night-time floral emission rate and seed fitness in wild populations. In neither setting did floral anthocycanin concentration (colour) affect fitness.This study reinforces the idea that scent-mediated pollinator visitation is an important component of plant fitness. Moreover, our results suggest that plants emitting more scent have higher fitness, although there is variation as to when this positive relationship occurs (i.e., at day or night). Research connecting floral scent and fitness is a necessary first step in understanding the evolution of floral scent.