The origins and homeostasis of monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages in physiological situation.
The origins and homeostasis of monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages in physiological situation.
复制标题
生理情况下单核细胞和组织驻留巨噬细胞的起源和稳态
DOI：
10.1002/jcp.26461
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhao Yong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao Yang;Zou Weilong;Du Junfeng;Zhao Yong
单核细胞和巨噬细胞是先天性免疫应答的关键效应子和调节子。它们不仅在体内平衡中起着重要而独特的作用，而且还参与了一些病理过程。巨噬细胞谱系的异质性已被广泛认识，并且部分是特定组织微环境中常驻巨噬细胞特化的结果。通常已知单核细胞在骨髓中起源于与中性粒细胞共享的共同髓样祖细胞，然后它们被释放到外周血中。然而，对于体内平衡和免疫至关重要的组织驻留巨噬细胞的起源直到最近仍然存在争议。在胚胎器官发生过程中，来自卵黄囊和胎肝前体的巨噬细胞被接种在整个组织中，作为常驻的自我维持群体持续存在于成年期。出生后，骨髓来源的单核细胞可以在损伤、感染和炎症后补充组织驻留的巨噬细胞。本文就组织巨噬细胞的起源、个体发育和命运等方面的研究进展作一综述，并简要讨论生理状态下巨噬细胞稳态的分子调控。
Monocytes and macrophages are critical effectors and regulators of innate immune response. They not only play crucial and distinctive roles in homeostasis, but also contribute to some pathologic processes. The heterogeneity of the macrophage lineage has been widely recognized and, in part, is a result of the specialization of resident macrophages in particular tissue microenvironments. Monocytes are usually known to originate in the bone marrow from a common myeloid progenitor that is shared with neutrophils, and they are then released into the peripheral blood. However, the origin of tissue‐resident macrophages, crucial for homeostasis and immunity, has remained controversial until recently. During embryonic organogenesis, macrophages derived from yolk sac and fetal liver precursors are seeded throughout tissues, persisting in the adulthood as resident, self‐maintaining populations. After birth, bone marrow‐derived monocytes can replenish tissue resident macrophages following injury, infection and inflammation. In this review, we will mainly summarize our current understanding on the origin, ontogeny and fates of tissue macrophages and will briefly discuss the molecular regulation of resident macrophage homeostasis in physiological situation.