The crustal structure and tectonic development of the continental margin of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica: implications from geophysical data

The crustal structure and tectonic development of the continental margin of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica: implications from geophysical data
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南极洲西部阿蒙森海湾大陆边缘的地壳结构和构造发育:地球物理数据的影响

DOI:
10.1093/gji/ggu118
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Kalberg
Kalberg
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kalberg

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西南极洲的阿蒙森海湾是南极洲-新西兰大陆断裂构造史的重要组成部分。该地区在南太平洋板块运动学发展中发挥了重要作用,从推测的希库朗吉高原与冈瓦纳俯冲边缘在大约110-100 Ma的碰撞到西南极裂谷系的演变。然而,人们对形成海湾的地壳结构和构造过程知之甚少。在2006年和2010年的两次“RV Polarstern”考察期间,收集了大量的地球物理数据集,包括地震折射和反射数据、船载重力和船载磁力测量。两个P波速度-深度模型的基础上向前走时建模的9个海底水听器记录提供了一个深入了解岩石圈结构下的阿蒙森海Embayment。地震反射数据可以反映沉积结构和基底顶部。地震数据为二维重力建模提供了约束条件,支持和补充了P波建模。我们的最终模型显示,在大陆隆起处有10-14公里厚的伸展大陆地壳,在内大陆架下方增厚至28公里。大陆隆起的均匀地壳结构,包括地垒和地堑结构被解释为表明宽模式裂谷影响了整个地区。我们观察到一个高速层的厚度变化的边缘和相关的,相反,其他“正常的火山型边缘”,建议岩浆流沿着地壳的基础,从下面的东部玛丽伯德土地西南极洲的玛丽伯德海山省。此外,我们还讨论了在玛丽伯德海山区上地幔蛇纹岩化的可能性。向海倾斜的反射层的迹象表明,在破碎后,该地区存在一定程度的火山活动。一组重力异常数据显示了几个阶段的充分发展和失败的裂谷系统,包括一个可能的分支西南极裂谷系统在阿蒙森海湾。
The Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica represents a key component in the tectonic history of Antarctic–New Zealand continental breakup. The region played a major role in the plate-kinematic development of the southern Pacific from the inferred collision of the Hikurangi Plateau with the Gondwana subduction margin at approximately 110–100 Ma to the evolution of the West Antarctic Rift System. However, little is known about the crustal architecture and the tectonic processes creating the embayment. During two ‘RV Polarstern’ expeditions in 2006 and 2010 a large geophysical data set was collected consisting of seismic-refraction and reflection data, ship-borne gravity and helicopter-borne magnetic measurements. TwoP-wave velocity–depth models based on forward traveltime modelling of nine ocean bottom hydrophone recordings provide an insight into the lithospheric structure beneath the Amundsen Sea Embayment. Seismic-reflection data image the sedimentary architecture and the top-of-basement. The seismic data provide constraints for 2-D gravity modelling, which supports and complementsP-wave modelling. Our final model shows 10–14-km-thick stretched continental crust at the continental rise that thickens to as much as 28 km beneath the inner shelf. The homogenous crustal architecture of the continental rise, including horst and graben structures are interpreted as indicating that wide-mode rifting affected the entire region. We observe a high-velocity layer of variable thickness beneath the margin and related it, contrary to other ‘normal volcanic type margins’, to a proposed magma flow along the base of the crust from beneath eastern Marie Byrd Land—West Antarctica to the Marie Byrd Seamount province. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of upper mantle serpentinization by seawater penetration at the Marie Byrd Seamount province. Hints of seaward-dipping reflectors indicate some degree of volcanism in the area after break-up. A set of gravity anomaly data indicate several phases of fully developed and failed rift systems, including a possible branch of the West Antarctic Rift System in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.
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发表时间: 2009
期刊:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2014-12
影响因子: 16.6
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