Assessment of genetic diversity in the USDA and CIP-FAO international nursery collections of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using microsatellite markers
Assessment of genetic diversity in the USDA and CIP-FAO international nursery collections of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using microsatellite markers
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DOI：
10.1017/s1479262107672293
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maughan, P. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christensen, S. A.;Pratt, D. B.;Maughan, P. J.
藜（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）是南美洲安第斯山脉数百万贫困农村居民的主要粮食作物，在那里种植了数千年。对藜麦的兴趣主要是由于其上级营养特性，正在推动不断增长的出口市场，并导致在整个南美洲更加重视基因研究和藜麦育种方案的发展。这些育种计划的成功将在很大程度上取决于核心种质收集和种质保存的发展。我们报告了一组荧光标记的微卫星分子标记的发展，可用于表征藜种质遗传多样性，我们使用这组36个微卫星标记的遗传特征的121个加入的C。这些材料包括美国农业部种质库保存的22份藜麦种质、CIP-FAO国际苗圃收藏的22份种质和代表遗传作图群体亲本的8份种质。在供试材料中共检测到420个等位基因，平均每个微卫星位点检测到11个等位基因。遗传异质性观察到32%的藜麦加入在一个给定的基因座，并表明这些加入代表异质种子批次或地方品种。两个未加权的算术平均数对组方法（UPGMA）和主成分分析（PCA）分析划分的藜麦种质分为两个主要的集群。第一组主要国家是安第斯高地的秘鲁、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔、阿根廷和智利最东北部的国家。另一个主要的集群包含来自智利低地的加入和一组美国农业部加入，没有已知的护照数据，由Emigdio Ballon收集。利用C.我们讨论了关于藜麦多样性中心的假设，包括高地和低地生态类型聚类模式，低地品种的起源，驯化的起源，以及USDA和CIP-FAO收藏的多样性水平。
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a staple food crop for millions of impoverished rural inhabitants of Andean South America where it has been cultivated for millennia. Interest in quinoa, due largely to its superior nutritional characteristics, is fuelling a growing export market and has led to an increased focus on genetic research and the development of quinoa breeding programmes throughout South America. The success of these breeding programmes will rely heavily on the development of core germplasm collections and germplasm conservation. We report the development of a set of fluorescence-tagged microsatellite molecular markers that can be used to characterize genetic diversity within quinoa germplasm and we use this set of 36 microsatellites markers to genetically characterize the diversity of 121 accessions of C. quinoa held in the USDA germplasm bank, 22 accessions from the CIP-FAO international nursery collection and eight accessions representing parents from genetic mapping populations. A total of 420 alleles were detected among the quinoa accessions with an average of 11 alleles detected per microsatellite locus. Genetic heterogeneity was observed in 32% of the quinoa accessions at a given locus and suggests that many of these accessions represent heterogeneous seed lots or landraces. Both unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principle components analysis (PCA) analyses partitioned the quinoa accessions into two main clusters. The first major cluster consisted of accessions from the Andean highlands of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina and extreme northeastern Chile. The other main Cluster contained accessions from both the lowlands of Chile and a set of USDA accessions with no known passport data, collected by Emigdio Ballon. Using the patterns of genetic diversity detected within the C. quinoa accessions we discuss hypotheses regarding quinoa 's centre of diversity, including highland and lowland ecotype clustering patterns, origin of lowland varieties, origin of domestication, and diversity levels in the USDA and CIP-FAO collections.