How the Second Law of Thermodynamics Has Informed Ecosystem Ecology through Its History
How the Second Law of Thermodynamics Has Informed Ecosystem Ecology through Its History
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DOI：
10.1093/biosci/biv166
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Vallino, Joseph J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, Eric J.;Childers, Daniel L.;Vallino, Joseph J.
许多人试图发展出一个在生态学中系统如何发展和组织的一般原则。我们回顾了导致生态系统生态学中几个目标导向原则概念化的历史发展。我们集中在两个突出的原则-最大功率原理（MPP）和最大熵产生原理（MEPP）和文献，适用于两者。虽然这些原则有概念上的重叠，但我们发现它们在历史发展、应用这些原则的学科以及它们在文献中的采用方面存在相当大的差异。这些原理相似性大于不同性，生态系统中的能量最大化发生在熵产生最大化的时候。这些原则有很大的潜力来解释系统如何发展，组织和功能，但没有广泛认同的理论推导MEPP和MPP，阻碍了它们在生态学研究中的广泛应用。最后，我们建议如何生态系统级的研究可以更好地使用这些原则。
Many attempts have been made to develop a general principle governing how systems develop and organize in ecology. We reviewed the historical developments that led to the conceptualization of several goal-oriented principles in ecosystem ecology. We focused on two prominent principles-the maximum power principle (MPP)-and the maximum entropy production principle (MEPP) and the literature that applies to both. Although these principles have conceptual overlap, we found considerable differences in their historical development, the disciplines that apply these principles, and their adoption in the literature. These principles were more similar than dissimilar, and the maximization of power in ecosystems occurs with maximum entropy production. These principles have great potential to explain how systems develop, organize, and function, but there are no widely agreed-on theoretical derivations for the MEPP and MPP, hindering their broader use in ecological research. We end with recommendations for how ecosystems-level studies may better use these principles.