Limitations of direct-to-consumer advertising for clinical genetic testing
Limitations of direct-to-consumer advertising for clinical genetic testing
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.288.14.1762
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发表时间：
2002-10-09
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Wilfond, BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gollust, SE;Hull, SC;Wilfond, BS
虽然直接面向消费者的药品广告已经在大众媒体上出现了20年，但基因检测的直接面向消费者广告只是最近才出现。基因检测广告可以向消费者和医生提供有关不断扩大的市场中检测可用性的信息。然而，有3个因素限制了广告的价值和适当性：复杂的信息，围绕遗传学的复杂社会背景，以及对某些测试的临床应用缺乏共识。考虑到一些广告，他们夸大了基因检测对消费者临床护理的价值。此外，广告可能提供关于遗传学的错误信息，夸大消费者的风险，认可基因与疾病之间的确定性关系，并加强疾病与种族群体之间的联系。受基因检测临床价值证据以外因素驱动的广告可以利用消费者的恐惧和担忧来操纵消费者的行为。在这个时候，DTC广告是不合适的，因为公众对遗传学的了解有限，缺乏对测试的全面上市前审查或对广告内容的监督。联邦贸易委员会和食品和药物管理局针对其他类型健康相关广告的现行规定应适用于基因检测广告。
Although direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements for pharmaceuticals have been appearing in the mass media for 20 years, DTC advertisements for genetic testing have only recently appeared. Advertisements for genetic testing can provide both consumers and physicians with information about test availability in an expanding market. However, 3 factors limit the value and appropriateness of advertisements: complex information, a complicated social context surrounding genetics, and a lack of consensus about the clinical utility of some tests. Consideration of several advertisements suggests that they overstate the value of genetic testing for consumers' clinical care. Furthermore, advertisements may provide misinformation about genetics, exaggerate consumers' risks, endorse a deterministic relationship between genes and disease, and reinforce associations between diseases and ethnic groups. Advertising motivated by factors other than evidence of the clinical value of genetic tests can manipulate consumers' behavior by exploiting their fears and worries. At this time, DTC advertisements are inappropriate, given the public's limited sophistication regarding genetics and the lack of comprehensive premarket review of tests or oversight of advertisement content. Existing Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration regulations for other types of health-related advertising should be applied to advertisements for genetic tests.