Isolation and physiological characterization of two novel, piezophilic, thermophilic chemolithoautotrophs from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney.
Isolation and physiological characterization of two novel, piezophilic, thermophilic chemolithoautotrophs from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01921.x
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发表时间：
2009-08
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
K. Takai;M. Miyazaki;H. Hirayama;S. Nakagawa;J. Querellou;A. Godfroy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Takai;M. Miyazaki;H. Hirayama;S. Nakagawa;J. Querellou;A. Godfroy
利用嗜压培养技术，从TAG领域(大西洋中脊：MAR)的黑色烟囱中成功地培养和分离出了两种能够进行化学自养生长的新型嗜热压力菌。这两个菌株(菌株106和108)代表了烟囱表面生境中微生物群落的优势栽培种群。菌株106在压电生长条件下表现为典型的细长螺旋细胞，而在非压电条件下表现为较短的弯曲细胞。它是一种严格的化学自养型伽马蛋白细菌，以还原硫化合物为电子供体，以硝酸盐和O(2)为电子受体。根据16S rRNA基因序列，106菌株将代表一个新的属，以前没有培养的群体(共生群I；一个潜在的新家族)，在伽马蛋白细菌，和‘Thioprofumstitotroica’基因。Nov.，sp.11月是提议的。108菌株在任何生长压力下都是一种短的椭圆形杆状菌株。它是一种兼性化学自养细菌，既能在H(2)和S氧化作用下进行化学自养生长，又能在复杂有机物或有机酸中以硝酸盐和O(2)为电子受体进行有机营养生长。化学自养生长是严格的压力性生长，在有机营养生长条件下，它在常规压力(0.1兆帕)下生长。108菌株在系统发育上有别于先前描述的甲型变态杆菌属中的任何一个红杆菌科的属，以及‘Piezbacter thermophilus’基因。Nov.，sp.11月是提议的。在深海热液喷口环境中，嗜压栽培技术可以成为分离和表征以前未被开发的系统类型的有力工具。
Two novel, thermophilic piezophiles, capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth, are successfully cultivated and isolated from a black smoker chimney at the TAG field (Mid Atlantic Ridge: MAR) by using a piezophilic cultivation technique. Both strains (strains 106 and 108) represent dominant cultivated populations of the microbial communities in the chimney surface habitat. Strain 106 represents typically thin, long spiral cells under the piezophilic growth condition but short bent cells under the non-piezophilic condition. It is a strictly chemolithoautotrophic gammaproteobacterium using reduced sulfur compounds as the electron donors, and nitrate and O(2) as the electron acceptors. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain 106 would represent a novel genus of the previously uncultivated group (Symbiont Group I; a potentially novel family) within the Gammaproteobacteria, and 'Thioprofundum lithotrophica' gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain 108 is a short, oval rod at any of the growth pressures. It is a facultative chemoautotroph, capable of both chemolithoautotrophic growth with H(2) and S oxidations and organotrophic growth with complex organics or organic acids using nitrate and O(2) as the electron acceptors. The chemolithoautotrophic growth is strictly piezophilic and under the organotrophic growth condition, it grows at conventional pressures (0.1 MPa). Strain 108 is phylogenetically distinctive from any of the previously described genera of the family Rhodobacteraceae within the Alphaproteobacteria, and 'Piezobacter thermophilus' gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The piezophilic cultivation technique can be a powerful tool to isolate and characterize the previously uncultivated phylotypes in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments.