Seven years in the life of Hypergiants' off-nets
Seven years in the life of Hypergiants' off-nets
复制标题
Hypergiants网外生命的七年
DOI:
10.1145/3452296.3472928
复制
发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Smaragdakis, Georgios
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gigis, Petros;Calder, Matt;Manassakis, Lefteris;Nomikos, George;Kotronis, Vasileios;Dimitropoulos, Xenofontas;Katz-Bassett, Ethan;Smaragdakis, Georgios
Content Hypergiants deliver the vast majority of Internet traffic to end users. In recent years, some have invested heavily in deploying services and servers inside end-user networks. With several dozen Hypergiants and thousands of servers deployed inside networks, these off-net (meaning outside the Hypergiant networks) deployments change the structure of the Internet. Previous efforts to study them have relied on proprietary data or specialized per-Hypergiant measurement techniques that neither scale nor generalize, providing a limited view of content delivery on today's Internet.In this paper, we develop a generic and easy to implement methodology to measure the expansion of Hypergiants' off-nets. Our key observation is that Hypergiants increasingly encrypt their traffic to protect their customers' privacy. Thus, we can analyze publicly available Internet-wide scans of port 443 and retrieve TLS certificates to discover which IP addresses host Hypergiant certificates in order to infer the networks hosting off-nets for the corresponding Hypergiants. Our results show that the number of networks hosting Hypergiant off-nets has tripled from 2013 to 2021, reaching 4.5k networks. The largest Hypergiants dominate these deployments, with almost all of these networks hosting an off-net for at least one -- and increasingly two or more -- of Google, Netflix, Facebook, or Akamai. These four Hypergiants have off-nets within networks that provide access to a significant fraction of end user population.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI:
10.1109/drcn.2014.6816139
发表时间:
2014
期刊:
2014 10th International Conference on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN)
影响因子:
--
作者:
M. S. Siddiqui;D. Montero;M. Yannuzzi;R. Serral;X. Masip
通讯作者:
X. Masip
影响因子:
22.7
作者:
Logan Kugler
通讯作者:
Logan Kugler
影响因子:
2.8
作者:
Bano S
通讯作者:
Bano S
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2010
期刊:
Request for Comments
影响因子:
--
作者:
G. Huston;Michelle Cotton;L. Vegoda
通讯作者:
L. Vegoda
DOI:
10.1145/1851182.1851194
发表时间:
2010-08
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
作者:
C. Labovitz;S. Iekel-Johnson;D. McPherson;Jon Oberheide;F. Jahanian
通讯作者:
C. Labovitz;S. Iekel-Johnson;D. McPherson;Jon Oberheide;F. Jahanian