Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Magnitude at Different Landfalling Stages: An Emphasis on After-Landfall Rain
Climatology of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Magnitude at Different Landfalling Stages: An Emphasis on After-Landfall Rain
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DOI：
10.1175/jamc-d-22-0055.1
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发表时间：
2023-07
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Oscar Guzman;Haiyan Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oscar Guzman;Haiyan Jiang
估计热带气旋（TC）在不同登陆阶段的降雨量是TC预测的一个重要方面，直接影响应急管理人员的响应水平。在这项研究中，TC降雨量的气候学作为一个功能的TC中心的位置在距离海岸和降雨面积的百分比在陆地上的距离间隔是在全球范围内。在2000年至2019年期间，共1834 TC使用卫星信息进行了分析，以表征降水量，体积雨，降雨面积，和轴对称属性内提出的登陆类别，重点是登陆后阶段。我们发现，TC的经验降雨量最大的地区邻近海岸时，超过50%的降雨面积是在水面上。还分析了整个TC范围和陆地部分的TC降雨。当考虑总范围时，降雨强度、降雨量和降雨面积随风速强度的增大而增大。然而，一旦它是量化的土地，我们发现，降雨强度表现出一个近乎完美的反比例关系，在TC降雨面积的增加。此外，当一个热带气旋以热带低气压或热带风暴的形式登陆时，它通常会产生最大的空间范围和最大的体积降雨。本研究旨在通过一种新的方法来描述热带气旋（TC）降水强度的周期，该方法将登陆类别定义为陆地和海洋上TC降水面积百分比的函数，并沿着TC中心的位置。距离海岸的距离间隔内。我们的中心假设是，TC降雨应表现出不同的功能，在长期的卫星时间序列的每个拟议阶段。我们特别关注陆地事件，因为它们对人类活动的影响，发现TC在其生命周期的某个时刻达到主要飓风强度，并以热带风暴或热带低气压登陆，在陆地表面产生最高的体积降雨。这项研究还提出了关键的观测证据之间的关系的降雨率，降雨面积和体积雨登陆TC。
Estimating the magnitude of tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall at different landfalling stages is an important aspect of the TC forecast that directly affects the level of response from emergency managers. In this study, a climatology of the TC rainfall magnitude as a function of the location of the TC centers within distance intervals from the coast and the percentage of the raining area over the land is presented on a global scale. A total of 1834 TCs in the period from 2000 until 2019 are analyzed using satellite information to characterize the precipitation magnitude, volumetric rain, rainfall area, and axial-symmetric properties within the proposed landfalling categories, with an emphasis on the postlandfall stages. We found that TCs experience rainfall maxima in regions adjacent to the coast when more than 50% of their rainfall area is over the water. TC rainfall is also analyzed over the entire TC extent and the portion over land. When the total extent is considered, rainfall intensity, volumetric rain, and rainfall area increase with wind speed intensity. However, once it is quantified over the land only, we found that rainfall intensity exhibits a nearly perfect inversely proportional relation with the increase in TC rainfall area. In addition, when a TC with life maximum intensity of a major hurricane makes landfall as a tropical depression or tropical storm, it usually produces the largest spatial extent and the highest volumetric rain. This study aims to describe the cycle of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation magnitude through a new approach that defines the landfall categories as a function of the percentage of the TC precipitating area over the land and ocean, along with the location of the TC centers within distance intervals from the coast. Our central hypothesis is that TC rainfall should exhibit distinct features in the long-term satellite time series for each of the proposed stages. We particularly focused on the overland events due to their effects on human activities, finding that the TCs that at some point of their life cycle reached major hurricane strength and made landfall as a tropical storm or tropical depression produced the highest volumetric rain over the land surface. This research also presents key observational evidence of the relationship between the rain rate, raining area, and volumetric rain for landfalling TCs.