CONVERGENCE, COMPETITION, AND MIMICRY IN A TEMPERATE COMMUNITY OF HUMMINGBIRD-POLLINATED FLOWERS
CONVERGENCE, COMPETITION, AND MIMICRY IN A TEMPERATE COMMUNITY OF HUMMINGBIRD-POLLINATED FLOWERS
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DOI：
10.2307/1936870
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
KODRICBROWN, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BROWN, JH;KODRICBROWN, A
The pollination ecology of 9 spp. of red, tubular flowers [Ipomopis aggregata, Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja integra, C. austromontana, Lonicera arizonica, Aquilegia friternata, Silene laciniata, Echinocereus triglochidiatus and Lobelia cardinalis] which bloom together in different combinations in the White Mountains of Arizona, USA was studied. All species were strikingly convergent in floral color, size and shape. Hummingbirds, the primary pollinators, usually did not visit flower species selectively, and individual birds often simultaneously carried 4 or more species of pollen. Flowers may have competed interspecifically for these shared pollinators, but competition was reduced because character displacement in orientation of anther and stigma resulted in some species using different parts of the bird to transport their pollen. Most flower species secreted nectar at similar rates, particularly when they bloomed together in mixed stands. A population of L. cardinalis secreted no nectar; it attracted hummingbirds by mimicing more abundant, nectar-producing species. This temperate flower community, which resembles some associations of convergent Mullerian and Batesian mimics, may have evolved its characteristic convergent structure because the advantages of using similar signals and rewards to share the same hummingbird pollinators outweight the advantages of diverging to reduce interspecific competition.
