Quantitative microbial risk assessment of human illness from exposure to marine beach sand.
Quantitative microbial risk assessment of human illness from exposure to marine beach sand.
复制标题
对暴露于海滩沙子的人类疾病进行定量微生物风险评估。
DOI：
10.1021/es203638x
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Solo-Gabriele,HelenaM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shibata,Tomoyuki;Solo-Gabriele,HelenaM
目前还没有美国联邦指导方针来评估娱乐场所的沙子造成的疾病风险。本研究的目的是计算海滩沙子中病原体的参考水平指南，并将这些参考水平与受非点源污染影响的海滩的测量结果进行比较。参考水平通过定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）结合蒙特卡罗模拟计算。为了达到美国环境保护署（EPA）设定的海水暴露的同等疾病风险水平（1.9 × 10 - 2），隐孢子虫的水平至少需要约10个卵囊/g（异食癖儿童约1个卵囊/g），肠道病毒的水平约为5个MPN/g（异食癖儿童约1个MPN/g）， s的水平低于106CFU/g。葡萄球菌。在非点源休闲海滩测得的沙中病原体水平低于参考水平。在评估酵母菌和蠕虫接触的风险以及确定与沙子接触有关的皮肤感染的可接受风险水平方面，需要进行更多的研究。
Currently no U.S. federal guideline is available for assessing risk of illness from sand at recreational sites. The objectives of this study were to compute a reference level guideline for pathogens in beach sand and to compare these reference levels with measurements from a beach impacted by nonpoint sources of contamination. Reference levels were computed using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) coupled with Monte Carlo simulations. In order to reach an equivalent level of risk of illness as set by the U.S. EPA for marine water exposure (1.9 × 10–2), levels would need to be at least about 10 oocysts/g (about 1 oocyst/g for a pica child) forCryptosporidium,about 5 MPN/g (about 1 MPN/g for pica) for enterovirus, and less than 106CFU/g forS. aureus.Pathogen levels measured in sand at a nonpoint source recreational beach were lower than the reference levels. More research is needed in evaluating risk from yeast and helminth exposures as well as in identifying acceptable levels of risk for skin infections associated with sand exposures.