Synoptic relationships between surface Chlorophyll-a and diagnostic pigments specific to phytoplankton functional types
Synoptic relationships between surface Chlorophyll-a and diagnostic pigments specific to phytoplankton functional types
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DOI：
10.5194/bg-8-311-2011
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Yamanaka, Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirata, T.;Hardman-Mountford, N. J.;Yamanaka, Y.
误差量化，天气尺度之间的关系叶绿素a（Chl-a）和浮游植物色素组在海面。总共十个色素组被认为代表三种浮游植物大小类别（PSC，微型、微型和微微型浮游植物）和七种浮游植物功能类型（PFT，即硅藻、甲藻、绿色藻类、prymnesiophytes（附着植物）、微微型真核生物、原核生物和原绿球藻属）。在全球尺度上，Chl-a和PSC/PFT之间的关系得到了很好的定义，表明浮游植物在流域和全球尺度上的群落变化反映了总群落Chl-a的变化。因此，总群落的叶绿素a不仅可以作为浮游植物生物量的指标，而且可以作为其群落结构的指标。在这些关系，我们还发现非单调变化与叶绿素a的某些微微大小的浮游植物（微微真核生物，原核生物和原绿球藻属）。和纳米级浮游植物（绿色藻类、原生藻类）。用最小二乘拟合方法对这些关系进行了量化，以便能够从Chl-a中估计PFT，其中PFT表示为总Chl-a的百分比。估计的不确定性的关系取决于PFT和Chl-a的浓度。在叶绿素a = 0.49 mg m（-3）时，硅藻的最大不确定度为31.8%。然而，在所有PFT的关系的平均不确定性为5.9%，在整个Chl-a范围内观察到原位（0.02< Chl-a < 4.26 mg m（-3））。利用1998 - 2009年SeaWiFS卫星Chl-a资料，分析了全球PFT地面分布的气候场。结果表明，微型浮游生物存在于中高纬度地区，仅占1998-2009年平均场中整个浮游植物群落的10.9%，其中硅藻占7.5%。微型浮游生物在全球表层海洋中普遍存在，除亚热带环流外，占45.5%，其中prymnesiophytes（附着植物）是主要的群体，占31.7%，而绿色藻类占13.9%。微微型浮游生物在亚热带环流中占主导地位，但在全球范围内占43.6%，其中原核生物是主要的类群，占26.5%（原绿球藻占22.8%），而微微型真核生物占17.2%，在南太平洋相对丰富。这些结果可用于评估全球海洋生态系统模型。
Error-quantified, synoptic-scale relationships between chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and phytoplankton pigment groups at the sea surface are presented. A total of ten pigment groups were considered to represent three Phytoplankton Size Classes (PSCs, micro-, nano- and picoplankton) and seven Phytoplankton Functional Types (PFTs, i.e. diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, prymnesiophytes (haptophytes), pico-eukaryotes, prokaryotes and Prochlorococcus sp.). The observed relationships between Chl-a and PSCs/PFTs were well-defined at the global scale to show that a community shift of phytoplankton at the basin and global scales is reflected by a change in Chl-a of the total community. Thus, Chl-a of the total community can be used as an index of not only phytoplankton biomass but also of their community structure. Within these relationships, we also found nonmonotonic variations with Chl-a for certain pico-sized phytoplankton (pico-eukaryotes, Prokaryotes and Prochlorococcus sp.) and nano-sized phytoplankton (Green algae, prymnesiophytes). The relationships were quantified with a leastsquare fitting approach in order to enable an estimation of the PFTs from Chl-a where PFTs are expressed as a percentage of the total Chl-a. The estimated uncertainty of the relationships depends on both PFT and Chl-a concentration. Maximum uncertainty of 31.8% was found for diatoms at Chla = 0.49 mg m(-3). However, the mean uncertainty of the relationships over all PFTs was 5.9% over the entire Chl-a range observed in situ (0.02< Chl-a < 4.26 mg m(-3)). The relationships were applied to SeaWiFS satellite Chl-a data from 1998 to 2009 to show the global climatological fields of the surface distribution of PFTs. Results show that microplankton are present in the mid and high latitudes, constituting only similar to 10.9% of the entire phytoplankton community in the mean field for 1998-2009, in which diatoms explain similar to 7.5%. Nanoplankton are ubiquitous throughout the global surface oceans, except the subtropical gyres, constituting similar to 45.5%, of which prymnesiophytes (haptophytes) are the major group explaining similar to 31.7% while green algae contribute similar to 13.9%. Picoplankton are dominant in the subtropical gyres, but constitute similar to 43.6% globally, of which prokaryotes are the major group explaining similar to 26.5% (Prochlorococcus sp. explaining 22.8%), while pico-eukaryotes explain similar to 17.2% and are relatively abundant in the South Pacific. These results may be of use to evaluate global marine ecosystem models.