The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease
The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease
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DOI：
10.1093/humupd/dmaa016
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
O'Bryan, Moira K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaikwad, Avinash S.;Hu, Jinghua;O'Bryan, Moira K.
富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白（CRISPS）、抗原5（Ag 5）和发病相关蛋白1（Pr-1）（CAP）超家族的成员在细菌、真菌、植物和动物界中发现。虽然许多CAP超家族蛋白的特征仍然很差，但在过去的十年中，证据已经积累，这为这些蛋白在各种过程中的功能作用提供了见解，包括受精，免疫防御和破坏，病原体毒力，毒液毒理学和癌症生物学。生物体内平衡和疾病发病机制。搜索方法通过PubMed数据库对2019年11月之前发表的所有文章进行科学文献搜索。检索词基于以下关键词：“CAP超家族”、“CRISP”、“富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白”、“抗原5”、“致病相关1”、“雄性生育力”、“含有CAP和CTL结构域”、"CRISPLD 1“、" CRISPLD 2”、“细菌SCP”、“离子通道调节剂”、“CatSper”、"PI 15“、”PI 16“、”CLEC“、”PRY蛋白“、”ASP蛋白"，“精子发生”、“附睾成熟”、“获能”和“蛇CRISP”。除此之外，主要和综述文章的参考文献列表进行了审查，为其他相关publications.OUTCOMES在这篇综述中，我们讨论了知识的广度CAP超家族蛋白质方面的蛋白质结构，生物学功能和新兴的意义，在生殖，健康和疾病。我们讨论了CAP超家族蛋白质的进化，从他们的其他未修饰的原核生物的前辈到多结构域和neofunctionalized成员在真核生物中发现的今天。至少部分由于这些蛋白质的快速进化，文献中存在许多命名上的不一致。因此，部分通过使用脊椎动物CRISP亚家族的最大似然系统发育分析，我们试图澄清这种混乱，从而允许物种之间的orthopathic蛋白功能的比较。这个框架还允许预测物种之间的功能相关性的基础上的序列和结构conservation.WIDER的影响这篇评论生成的图片CAP蛋白在离子通道调节，甾醇和脂质结合和蛋白酶抑制的关键作用，并参与诱导多个细胞过程的配体。
BACKGROUND Members of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5) and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1) (CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the bacterial, fungal, plant and animal kingdoms. Although many CAP superfamily proteins remain poorly characterized, over the past decade evidence has accumulated, which provides insights into the functional roles of these proteins in various processes, including fertilization, immune defence and subversion, pathogen virulence, venom toxicology and cancer biology.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility, organismal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.SEARCH METHODS The scientific literature search was undertaken via PubMed database on all articles published prior to November 2019. Search terms were based on following keywords: 'CAP superfamily', 'CRISP', 'Cysteine-rich secretory proteins', 'Antigen 5', 'Pathogenesis-related 1', 'male fertility', 'CAP and CTL domain containing', 'CRISPLD1', 'CRISPLD2', 'bacterial SCP', 'ion channel regulator', 'CatSper', 'PI15', 'PI16', 'CLEC', 'PRY proteins', 'ASP proteins', 'spermatogenesis', 'epididymal maturation', 'capacitation' and 'snake CRISP'. In addition to that, reference lists of primary and review article were reviewed for additional relevant publications.OUTCOMES In this review, we discuss the breadth of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins with regards to their protein structure, biological functions and emerging significance in reproduction, health and disease. We discuss the evolution of CAP superfamily proteins from their otherwise unembellished prokaryotic predecessors into the multi-domain and neofunctionalized members found in eukaryotic organisms today. At least in part because of the rapid evolution of these proteins, many inconsistencies in nomenclature exist within the literature. As such, and in part through the use of a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate CRISP subfamily, we have attempted to clarify this confusion, thus allowing for a comparison of orthologous protein function between species. This framework also allows the prediction of functional relevance between species based on sequence and structural conservation.WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review generates a picture of critical roles for CAP proteins in ion channel regulation, sterol and lipid binding and protease inhibition, and as ligands involved in the induction of multiple cellular processes.