The problem of fit between ecosystems and institutions
The problem of fit between ecosystems and institutions
复制标题
生态系统与制度之间的契合问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Pritchard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Folke;L. Pritchard
一种内燃机点火系统，其中通过单个点火变压器将产生电弧和维持电弧的电压施加到一个或多个火花塞，该单个点火变压器通过众所周知的“Kettering”电路中的单个初级电路供电。初级电路中的开关，优选地是晶体管，重复地“接通”和“关断”以在每个点火周期期间产生多个初级电流接通和电流关断事件。选择点火线圈初级与次级匝数比、电流接通和电流关断事件的持续时间以及各种电路参数(a)以通过变压器动作产生足够大小的点火电弧维持电势，以在每次电流接通事件期间电流建立时在火花塞电弧间隙上维持先前引发的点火电弧； (b) 当开关在随后的电流关断事件开始时突然关断时，在火花塞气隙上产生初始高感应放电引弧电压尖峰； (c) 由于电弧条件下的感应电流衰减，产生持续的电弧维持电压，以平衡电弧被触发后的关断事件。由于此操作，电弧通常在第一个断开事件开始时触发，并一直保持到最后一个接通事件之后，同时，如果电弧熄灭，则可以在任何后续断开事件开始时重新触发电弧。
An internal combustion engine ignition system wherein both arc-creating and arc-maintaining voltages are applied to the spark plug or plugs through a single ignition transformer energized through a single primary circuit in the well-known "Kettering" circuit. A switch in the primary circuit, preferably a transistor, repeatedly switches "on" and "off" to create a plurality of primary current on and current off events during each ignition period. The ignition coil primary to secondary turns ratio, the duration of the current on and current off events, and the various circuit parameters are chosen (a) to create by transformer action an ignition arc-sustaining potential of sufficient magnitude to maintain a previously initiated ignition arc across the spark plug arc gap as the current builds up during each current on event; (b) to generate an initial high inductive discharge arc-striking voltage spike across the spark plug air gap when the switch is abruptly switched off at the commencement of the subsequent current off event; and (c) to create a sustained arc-maintaining voltage for the balance of the switch off event after the arc is struck due to the inductive current decrement under arcing conditions. As a consequence of this action, the arc is normally struck at the inception of the first off event and is maintained until after the last on event, and at the same time the arc may be restruck at the commencement of any of the subsequent off events should it go out.