A comparison of hippocampal pathology in man and other animals.
A comparison of hippocampal pathology in man and other animals.
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人类和其他动物海马病理学的比较。
DOI：
10.1002/9780470720394.ch15
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lawrence Weiskrantz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lawrence Weiskrantz
包括海马在内的内侧颞叶双侧损伤与严重的遗忘综合征有关。目前尚不清楚海马（或其输出通路和相关的靶投射部位）是否是产生这种综合征的关键结构，特别是在动物中发现前颞下皮质病变比海马病变本身更严重的学习障碍。但是，试图将人类和动物的记忆缺陷联系起来的问题取决于健忘症本身的特征。它最初被认为是长期记忆储存的输入失败或巩固失败。动物的内侧颞叶和海马病变不会产生符合这种特征的结果。然而，在对人类综合症的重新研究中，我们回顾了一些证据，发现如果使用某些测试范式，健忘症患者似乎可以在很长的时间间隔内学习和记忆。这些结果与动物海马损伤研究的一些结果更容易匹配。两个主要类别的当前理论的遗忘综合征进行了讨论。这里提出了一个稍微不同的方法，基于人类健忘症受试者的评论和他们的客观表现之间的分离，这表明处理水平之间的分离，而不是任何特定水平上的失败。
Bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, in man is associated with a severe amnesic syndrome. It is still not clear whether the hippocampus (or its output pathways and related target projection sites) is the critical structure in producing this syndrome, especially as more severe learning deficits in animals are found with lesions in the anterior inferotemporal cortex than with hippocampal lesions per se. But the problem of trying to relate memory deficits in man and animals depends on the characterization of the amnesic syndrome itself. It was originally thought to be a failure of input into long-term memory store or a failure of consolidation. Medial temporal and hippocampal lesions in animals do not produce results that fit such a characterization. On re-examination of the human syndrome, however, for which some of the evidence is reviewed, it appears that the amnesic patients can learn and remember over long intervals if certain testing paradigms are used. The results are more readily matched to some of the results of hippocampal lesion studies in animals. Two main classes of current theories of the amnesic syndrome are discussed. A somewhat different approach is suggested here, based on the dissociation between human amnesic subjects' commentaries and their objective performance, which suggests a dissociation between levels of processing rather than a failure on any particular level.