Photothermal antimicrobial nanotherapy and nanodiagnostics with self-assembling carbon nanotube clusters
Photothermal antimicrobial nanotherapy and nanodiagnostics with self-assembling carbon nanotube clusters
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DOI：
10.1002/lsm.20534
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zharov, Vladimir P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Jin-Woo;Shashkov, Evgeny V.;Zharov, Vladimir P.
背景与目的：碳纳米管（CNTs）的独特性质将为应对挑战开辟新途径，以实现对人类病原体的快速、灵敏的抗菌诊断和治疗。在本研究中，以大肠杆菌为模式细菌，在体外探索了碳纳米管用于光热（PT）抗菌纳米治疗的新能力。
研究设计/材料与方法：将单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs）和多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）与大肠杆菌K12菌株一起孵育。分别用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和光热显微镜评估碳纳米管在细菌中的位置以及激光诱导的热效应及其在碳纳米管周围的伴随效应。使用波长为532和1064nm、脉冲持续时间为12纳秒的多脉冲激光，以不同的激光能量密度照射样品混合物。使用细菌活力检测试剂盒和落射荧光显微镜评估细胞活力。
结果：本研究揭示了碳纳米管对细菌的高结合亲和力、它们在细菌表面自组装成簇的能力以及它们固有的近红外（NIR）激光响应性。细胞活力既不受单独的碳纳米管影响，也不受单独的近红外辐射影响。在激光能量密度为0.1 - 0.5 J/cm²时开始观察到细菌活力的显著变化，这是由局部热效应和伴随的气泡形成现象引起的，在两种波长下，当激光能量密度为2 - 3 J/cm²时细菌完全解体。此外，反应混合物中的乙醇显著（超过一个数量级）增强了气泡形成现象。
结论：激光激活碳纳米管作为光热造影抗菌剂的首次应用表明，它在对致病病原体造成不可修复的损害以及在单个细菌水平检测病原体方面具有巨大潜力。激光和纳米技术的这种独特整合也可用于饮用水处理、食品加工、医疗器械消毒以及移植物和植入物的净化。此外，乙醇显著诱导的气泡形成增强为提高用于治疗癌症、伤口和血管病变的选择性纳米光热解效率提供了另一种独特的可能性。
Background and Objectives: Unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) would open new avenues for addressing challenges to realize rapid and sensitive antimicrobial diagnostics and therapy for human pathogens. In this study, new CNTs' capabilities for photothermal (PT) antimicrobial nanotherapy were explored in vitro using Escherichia coli as a model bacterium.Study Design/Materials and Methods: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were incubated with E. coli K12 strain. CNTs' locations in bacteria and laser-induced thermal and accompanied effects around CNTs were estimated with TEM and PT microscopy, respectively. Multi-pulse lasers at 532 and 1064 nm with 12-ns pulse duration were used for irradiating sample mixtures at different laser fluences. Cell viability was evaluated using a bacterial viability test kit and epi-fluorescence microscopy.Results: This study revealed CNTs' high binding affinity to bacteria, their capability to self-assemble as clusters at bacteria surfaces, and their inherent near-infrared (NIR) laser responsiveness. Cell viability was affected neither by CNTs alone nor by NIR irradiations alone. Notable changes in bacteria viability, caused by local thermal and accompanied bubble-formation phenomena, were observed starting at laser fluences of 0.1- 0.5 J/cm(2) with complete bacteria disintegration at 2-3 J/cm(2) at both wavelengths. Furthermore, ethanol in reaction mixtures significantly (more than one order) enhanced bubble formation phenomena.Conclusion: This first application of laser-activated CNTs as PT contrast antimicrobial agents demonstrated its great potential to cause irreparable damages to disease-causing pathogens as well as to detect the pathogens at single bacterium level. This unique integration of laser and nanotechnology may also be used for drinking water treatment, food processing, disinfection of medical instrumentation, and purification of grafts and implants. Furthermore, the significant ethanol-induced enhancement of bubble formation provides another unique possibility to improve the efficiency of selective nanophotothermolysis for treating cancers, wounds, and vascular legions.