Regulation of nitrogen metabolism and gene expression in fungi.
Regulation of nitrogen metabolism and gene expression in fungi.
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真菌中氮代谢和基因表达的调节。
DOI：
10.1128/mr.45.3.437-461.1981
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marzluf,GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marzluf,GA
氮是存在于许多简单化合物和几乎所有细胞复杂大分子中的主要元素。蛋白质和核酸尤其富含氮。因此，它不应该是在组成氮代谢途径的代谢机制中进行大量的细胞投资，以确保生长所需的恒定氮供应。对三种真菌（粗神经孢子菌、黑曲霉和酿酒酵母）的氮代谢及其控制进行了广泛的研究。在这些主要的控制系统中，存在着调节氮代谢的系统。本文将简要介绍几种氮代谢途径，并对这些真菌中氮代谢的调控机制进行深入探讨。关于真菌中氮代谢和各种相关主题的文献综述有很多（23,29,30,59,60,65,66,84,88,99）。虽然某些化合物，特别是氨、谷氨酸和谷氨酸是最受欢迎的氮源，但这些真菌能够利用许多不同的次级来源，包括亚硝酸盐、嘌呤、蛋白质、许多氨基酸、乙酰胺，甚至丙烯酰胺。
Nitrogen is a major element found in many of the simple compounds and nearly al of the complexmacromolecules oflvingcells. Proteins and nuclei acids are espially rich in nitrogen. Thus, it should not be is at a substan-tial cellular investmentis madein the metaboeic machinery compising nitrogen catooic path-ways to ensure a constant nitrogen supply for growth. Extensive studies of nibtrgen metabo-las ansd its, control have been carried out in three fungi, Neurospora crassa, Aspergilus nidzdns, and Saccharomyces cerevisiue. In each of'these major control systems exist to regulate nitrogen metabolism. In this review, certain nitrogen cataboic pathways will be briefly descnrbed, and the regulatory mechanisms which control nitrogen mebotabism in these fungi wilbe onsidered in depth. A numn-ber of_eelet reviews conceningnitrogen me-tbolism and variou related topic in fungi are available (23, 29, 30, 59, 60, 65, 66, 84, 88, 99). Although certain compounds, partclarly am-monia, glutamate, and gluine, are favored nitrogen sources, these fungi are capable ofutimany diverse secondarysources, including nitrate nitrite, purins, proteins, numerous ramino acids, acetamide, and even acrylamide.