Learning to use an invisible visual signal for perception.
Learning to use an invisible visual signal for perception.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.047
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发表时间：
2010-10-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Backus BT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Luca M;Ernst MO;Backus BT
大脑是如何从感官信号中构建对世界的感知的？这个基本问题的一种方法是研究感知学习，因为感知学习是通过暴露于感觉信号中的不同统计特征来诱导的。例如，最近的研究表明，暴露于不同感觉信号之间的新相关性可以导致信号具有新的感知效果。然而，在所有这些研究中，信号总是清晰可见。因此，很难确定这种学习的自动性。在这里，我们调查这种类型的学习，导致信号的外观上有新的影响，可以是低层次的和自动的，通过采用视觉信号，其感知后果是不可见的垂直视差梯度掩盖其他深度线索。这种方法排除了高层次的影响，如注意力或意识。我们探测知觉表象的刺激物是一个旋转的圆柱体。在曝光过程中，我们在不可见信号和圆柱体的旋转方向之间引入了一种新的偶然性。当我们随后呈现一个模糊旋转的圆柱体版本时，我们发现不可见的信号影响了感知到的旋转方向。这表明感知可以通过自动拾取感觉信号之间的新偶然性来快速进行“结构学习”，从而在构建感知的过程中自动招募新用途的信号。
How does the brain construct a percept of the world from sensory signals? One approach to this fundamental question is to investigate perceptual learning as induced by exposure to different statistical regularities in sensory signals. For example, recent studies showed that exposure to novel correlations between different sensory signals can cause a signal to have new perceptual effects. In all those studies, however, the signals were always clearly visible. The automaticity of the learning was therefore difficult to determine. Here, we investigate whether learning of this sort, that causes a signal to have new effects on appearance, can be low-level and automatic, by employing a visual signal whose perceptual consequences were made invisible—a vertical disparity gradient masked by other depth cues. This approach excluded high-level influences such as attention or consciousness. Our stimulus for probing perceptual appearance was a rotating cylinder. During exposure we introduced a new contingency between the invisible signal and the rotation direction of the cylinder. When we subsequently presented an ambiguously rotating version of the cylinder, we found that the invisible signal influenced the perceived rotation direction. This demonstrates that perception can rapidly undergo “structure learning” by automatically picking up novel contingencies between sensory signals, thus automatically recruiting signals for novel uses during the construction of a percept.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Pelli, DG
通讯作者：
Pelli, DG
DOI：
10.1109/34.537345
发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
23.6
作者：
Larranaga, P;Poza, M;Kuijpers, CMH
通讯作者：
Kuijpers, CMH
影响因子：
34.7
作者：
Sasaki, Yuka;Nanez, Jose E.;Watanabe, Takeo
通讯作者：
Watanabe, Takeo
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Backus BT
通讯作者：
Backus BT
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Griffiths, TL;Tenenbaum, JB
通讯作者：
Tenenbaum, JB