A Student's Guide to the Mathematics of Astronomy: Parallax, angular size, and angular resolution
A Student's Guide to the Mathematics of Astronomy: Parallax, angular size, and angular resolution
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9781139542388.005
复制
发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Fleisch;J. Kregenow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Fleisch;J. Kregenow
天文学对人类进步的最重要贡献之一是了解天体的距离和大小。经过数千年的眼睛观察和大约四个世纪的望远镜观察，我们现在对自己在宇宙中的位置以及我们的星球如何融入太阳系、银河系和宇宙中的其他天体有了很好的了解。天文学家用来估计距离和大小的几种技术都是基于角度的，本章的目的是确保你理解这些技术的数学基础。具体来说，视差和角度大小的概念将在本章的前两节讨论，第三节描述天文仪器的角分辨率。视差视差是一种透视现象，当观察点改变时，使附近的物体看起来相对于更远的物体移动了位置。本节首先解释视差的概念和比例关系，最后给出与天文学相关的视差计算示例。视差的概念你可以很容易地演示视差的效果，把你的食指直立在手臂的长度，然后观察手指和它后面的背景与你的左眼打开，你的右眼关闭。
One of the most important contributions that the science of astronomy has made to human progress is an understanding of the distance and size of celestial objects. After millennia of using our eyes and about four centuries of using telescopes, we now have a very good idea of where we are in the Universe and how our planet fits in among the other bodies in our Solar System, the Milky Way galaxy, and the Universe. Several of the techniques astronomers use to estimate distance and size are based on angles , and the purpose of this chapter is to make sure you understand the mathematical foundation of these techniques. Specifically, the concepts of parallax and angular size are discussed in the first two sections of this chapter, and the third section describes the angular resolution of astronomical instruments. Parallax Parallax is a perspective phenomenon that makes a nearby object appear to shift position with respect to more distant objects when the observation point is changed. This section begins with an explanation of the parallax concept and proportionality relationships and concludes with examples of parallax calculations relevant to astronomy. Parallax concept You can easily demonstrate the effect of parallax by holding your index finger upright at arm's length and then observing that finger and the background behind it with your left eye open and your right eye closed.