The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: straw mulch and irrigation effects
The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: straw mulch and irrigation effects
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.012
复制
发表时间：
2005-04-02
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Gong, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, YL;Chen, LD;Gong, E
春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是黄土高原种植的主要作物之一，其产量主要受有效水的影响。秸秆覆盖和灌溉是影响小麦产量和水分利用效率的有效途径。为了发展更好的半干旱作物和水分管理措施，在黄土高原定西水土保持研究所进行了为期13年的春小麦单作试验。连续13年(1982-1992年和1997-1998年)研究了生长季(3-7月)降水对雨养小麦产量的影响。连续2年(1997~1998年)研究了秸秆覆盖和灌溉对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，在13年的降雨条件下，生长季降雨量对春小麦生物量和籽粒产量有显著影响(P<；0.05)。由于生长季降雨量的低而显着的变异性，生物量和粮食产量都很低，而且变化很大。在旱年(1997年)和湿年(1998年)，秸秆覆盖显著增加了小麦产量。1997年生物量和粮食产量分别增加37%和52%，1998年分别增加20%和26%。秸秆覆盖还显著降低了蒸散量(P<；0.001)，降低了土壤耗水量(P<；0.01)，提高了水分利用效率(P<；0.01)。1997年和1998年，随着灌水量的增加，生物量和粮食产量都有所增加(P<；0.01或P<；0.001)。三种灌溉水平分别使生物产量从1997年的34%提高到66%，1998年从34%提高到77%。灌溉水平也使粮食产量从1997年的53%提高到102%，1998年从22%提高到57%。生物量的水分利用效率和籽粒产量也随着灌水量的增加而增加。另一方面，灌水量对生物量和产量的利用效率随着灌水量的增加而降低。结果表明，在半干旱黄土高原地区，灌溉或秸秆覆盖与灌溉的合理组合可获得较高的作物产量。(C)2004爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
The yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the major crops planted in the Loess Plateau, China, is mainly affected by available water. Straw mulch and irrigation are efficient ways of influencing wheat yield and water-use efficiency. To develop better semiarid crop and water management practices, a 13-year experiment in spring wheat monoculture was conducted at the Dingxi Soil and Water Conservation Institute of the Loess Plateau. The influence of rainfall during the growing season (March-July) on yields of rain-fed wheat was studied for 13 years (1982-1992 and 1997-1998). The influence of straw mulch and irrigation on wheat yield, and water-use efficiency, was studied for 2 years (1997-1998). We found that growing season rainfall had a significant (P < 0.05) influence on biomass and grain yield of spring wheat in rain-fed conditions during the 13 years. Both biomass and grain yield were very low and varied significantly due to the low and significant variability of growing season rainfall. Straw mulch increased wheat yields significantly during both dry (1997) and wet (1998) years. It increased biomass and grain yield by 37 and 52%, respectively, in 1997, and by 20 and 26%, respectively, in 1998. Straw mulch also significantly decreased evapotranspiration (P < 0.05), soil water depletion (P < 0.01), and increased water-use efficiency (P < 0.001). Biomass and grain yield both increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) with increasing irrigation in 1997 and 1998. The three irrigation levels increased the biomass yield from 34 to 66% in 1997, and from 34 to 77% in 1998. The irrigation levels also increased grain yield from 53 to 102% in 1997, and from 22 to 57% in 1998. Water-use efficiency for biomass and grain yield also increased with increasing irrigation. On the other hand, irrigation water-use efficiency for biomass and grain yield decreased with increasing irrigation. The results suggest that higher crop yields in the semiarid Loess Plateau may be achieved by using irrigation, or a proper combination of straw mulch and irrigation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.